{"id":1060,"date":"2024-01-11T14:38:49","date_gmt":"2024-01-11T11:38:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/?p=1060"},"modified":"2024-01-11T14:38:53","modified_gmt":"2024-01-11T11:38:53","slug":"uluslararasi-durum-ve-gorevlerimiz-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/uluslararasi-durum-ve-gorevlerimiz-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Uluslararas\u0131 durum ve g\u00f6revlerimiz \u2013 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1.<\/strong> Son Konferans\u0131m\u0131zdan bu yana d\u00fcnya ekonomisi, ba\u015fta g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere y\u00fcksek enflasyon oranlar\u0131, sanayi ve tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ile ticaret hacmi art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f gibi ekonominin genel b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatan ciddi sorunlarla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze kald\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek gibi mali sorunlarla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in denedikleri baz\u0131 \u00f6nlemler mevcut sorunlar\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131p derinle\u015ftirir ve yenilerini k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 zamanda, reel gelirleri zaten azalan ve milyonlarcas\u0131 i\u015fsizlik ve eksik istihdamdan mustarip olan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayr\u0131ca Ukrayna\u2019daki sava\u015f\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi siyasal olaylara ve \u00f6ncesinden devam edegelen di\u011fer olaylara tan\u0131k olduk. Bu olaylar iki grupta s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.<\/strong> B\u00fct\u00fcn kapitalist \u00fclkelerde sermaye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7i halka y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 art\u0131yor, \u00f6zellikle Avrupa \u00fclkelerindeki g\u00f6stermelik destekler bir yana ekonomide y\u00fczle\u015filen t\u00fcm t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k ve sorunlar halklar\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Bir \u00f6rnek, ciddi bir sald\u0131r\u0131yla emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131yla pirim \u00f6denecek g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmaya u\u011fra\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fransa\u2019d\u0131r. Art\u0131k emek\u00e7iler daha az yemeye ve g\u0131da yard\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015f vurmaya, daha az \u0131s\u0131nmaya ve yine de ikinci bir i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya daha da \u00e7ok zorlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik sermaye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin yakla\u015f\u0131m ve uygulamalar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ise \u00e7ok daha serttir ve bu \u00fclkelerde halk i\u00e7in ya\u015fam giderek daha da zorla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcstelik \u201cenflasyonla m\u00fccadele<\/em>\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle hemen her \u00fclkede gerici burjuvazi s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131 uygulamaya y\u00f6nelerek, silah harcamalar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle enerjide halka sa\u011flanan g\u00f6stermelik destekler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan kamu harcamalar\u0131nda kesintiye gitti. Belediye hizmetleri, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitimde en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde olan kesintiler, Rus do\u011falgaz\u0131 al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nce s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131p sonra tamamen durduran Almanya ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde enerji alan\u0131nda zirve yapt\u0131. Devlet kurumlar\u0131nda kaloriferler 19 dereceye ayarland\u0131, geceleri kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131. Kamu kurumlar\u0131nda \u00fccretlerin dondurulmas\u0131, zorunlu kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck art\u0131\u015flarla yetinilmesi genelle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Avrupa\u2019da grevler \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kabul edilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131, uzayan grevlere ra\u011fmen h\u00fck\u00fcmetler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret zamlar\u0131nda \u0131srarl\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.<\/strong> \u201cDemokrasinin be\u015fi\u011fi<\/em>\u201d olarak an\u0131lanlar da i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkelerinde demokrasi ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler giderek daha fazla k\u0131s\u0131tlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu gericile\u015fme e\u011filimi, tekeller ve emperyalizmin genel e\u011filimi olmakla birlikte g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde egemen burjuvazi y\u00f6netmekte zorland\u0131k\u00e7a dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerle ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ba\u015fbakan Johnson se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesinde ge\u00e7ici olsa bile parlamentoyu ask\u0131ya almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, uygulama y\u00fcksek mahkemeden d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u015eimdi bir benzerine Fransa\u2019da Macron te\u015febb\u00fcs etti, parlamentoda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 muhalefeti a\u015fmak \u00fczere emeklilik yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 parlamentoyu by-pass ederek yasala\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6neldi. T\u00fcrkiye ve Macaristan gibi \u00fclkelerde yasalara giren, Ekvator\u2019da uygulanmak istenen h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnamelerle y\u00f6netme yetkisi kapitalist \u00fclkelere yayg\u0131nla\u015fma e\u011filiminde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gericile\u015fme e\u011filimi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yasalar\u0131n niteli\u011fine de yans\u0131yor. G\u00f6\u00e7men kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yasalar genelle\u015fiyor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey, polisin \u00f6nleyici g\u00f6zalt\u0131lar ve g\u00f6sterilere m\u00fcdahale t\u00fcr\u00fcnden yetkilerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yasalarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u015eimdiden \u0130ngiltere, Fransa ve Almanya bu y\u00f6nde ileri ad\u0131mlar att\u0131. \u0130ngiltere, \u00fclkede yayg\u0131nla\u015fan grevler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, zaten son derece s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan grev hakk\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse tamamen yasaklanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yasal d\u00fczenlemeyi g\u00fcndemine ald\u0131. Milliyet\u00e7ilik, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve fa\u015fist hareketler d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde g\u00fc\u00e7leniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.<\/strong> Dolays\u0131z politik geli\u015fmelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ekonomideki bozulma ve emek\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011frudan bir sonucu, hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7i kitlelerin baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ayaklanmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimi de ta\u015f\u0131yarak hareketlenmesi ve uzun y\u0131llar sonra geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclke i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzun s\u00fcreli grev ve g\u00f6sterilerin g\u00fcndeme gelmesi ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 oldu. Emekle sermaye, hen\u00fcz bilin\u00e7lilik d\u00fczeyi geri ve \u00f6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla hedeflerini s\u00fcrekli daha ileriden koyarak bunlara ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tamamen \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelenin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemi ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EMPERYAL\u0130STLER ARASI M\u00dcCADELE SERTLE\u015e\u0130YOR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.<\/strong> Son Konferans\u0131m\u0131z, 2022 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131rmas\u0131 ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fgal etmesinin ard\u0131ndan toplanm\u0131\u015f, bu sald\u0131r\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ABD ve m\u00fcttefikleri Rusya\u2019ya \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar koymu\u015ftu. Avrupa\u2019da uzayarak s\u00fcren sava\u015f, emperyalistler aras\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkinin hem \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sertle\u015fmesinin bir sonucu, hem bu sertle\u015fmenin belirgin bir g\u00f6stergesi, hem de yat\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n beklenmemesi gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor. Sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan konan yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar da, Rusya ekonomisini sarsar ve bu \u00fclkeyi \u2013ger\u00e7ekte ABD ve m\u00fcttefiki emperyalistlerin tercih etmeyece\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde\u2013 \u00c7in\u2019e do\u011fru iterek iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ittifak\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken, NATO\u2019nun Madrid Zirvesinde \u00c7in\u2019in hedefe konmas\u0131n\u0131n resmile\u015ftirilmesiyle bir arada, giderek daha \u00e7ok blokla\u015fan rakip ittifaklar aras\u0131nda bir yumu\u015fama beklenemeyece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son bir y\u0131lda emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler giderek sertle\u015fti. \u00dcstelik, emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerin emperyalizmle olan ili\u015fkilerini de kapsayarak, emperyalistlerle ezilen d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 burjuvaziyle d\u00fcnya proletaryas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n da sertle\u015fmesiyle birlikte sertle\u015fiyor. T\u00fcm\u00fc bir arada kapitalizmin genel krizinin olgunla\u015fmakta oldu\u011funun belirtisi ve kapitalizmin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa mahkum etmesinin bir panoramas\u0131n\u0131 veriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.<\/strong> Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu, \u00c7in-Rusya ittifak\u0131 peki\u015firken, sava\u015f\u0131 \u0130ngiltere ile birlikte k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan ABD\u2019nin Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistleri yan\u0131na \u00e7ekerek AB \u00fczerindeki kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rmas\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 ABD enerjisine daha ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale getirmesi oldu. ABD, NATO ve AB Askeri Birli\u011fi ile yak\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fi halinde Kuzey Kutbu\u2019ndan Karadeniz\u2019e kadar askeri altyap\u0131y\u0131 yeni ABD ve NATO askeri \u00fcsleri kurarak geli\u015ftiriyor. NATO, Avrupa\u2019da Rusya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na kadar yeni \u00fcye devletlerle geni\u015flemeye devam ediyor. Son \u00f6rnekleri Finlandiya ve \u0130sve\u00e7. Ayn\u0131 zamanda AB de, b\u00f6lgedeki ekonomik ve askeri g\u00fc\u00e7 ve n\u00fcfuzunu g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in yeni \u00fcye devletlerle geni\u015flemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ukrayna her ikisinin de hedefinde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, \u015f\u00fcphesiz ABD ile Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistler ve AB aras\u0131nda, Avrupal\u0131 tekel gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ve AB \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00c7in, Rusya ve \u015e\u0130\u00d6\u2019ye \u00fcye \u00fclkeler ve tekel gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkiler ve \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyor. Ancak aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilere ra\u011fmen, emperyalistler, birbirine rakip iki ittifak halinde blokla\u015f\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.<\/strong> NATO (ve onun arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ABD) \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerde ve AB\u2019de hem b\u00f6lgesel hem de uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasal rol\u00fc ve etkisini art\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. NATO, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin d\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131n\u0131 koordine etmeleri ve k\u00fcresel odaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmelerini giderek daha \u00e7ok talep ediyor ve bunun sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Uluslararas\u0131 bir kurulu\u015f olarak NATO, \u00fcyelerinin \u00f6nemli stratejik ve siyasi meselelerde tart\u0131\u015farak birle\u015fmelerini istiyor. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fckleri siyasal ve teknik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ve ticaretlerinde tedariklerin m\u00fcttefikler ve \u201cdostlar<\/em>\u201ddan gelmemesi ya da onlar taraf\u0131ndan talep edilmemesi halinde ortak bir tehdit olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131, bir g\u00fcvenlik meselesi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NATO\u2019nun 2022 Stratejik Konseptinde yer alan ve 2023 Temmuz\u2019unda Vilnius\u2019ta d\u00fczenlenen NATO zirvesinde peki\u015ftirilen Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019le ilgili \u201ctehdit<\/em>\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesi, \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr<\/em> Bat\u0131<\/em>\u201d d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ile rakip olarak etiketlenen otoriter rejimler aras\u0131ndaki ideolojik m\u00fccadele z\u0131rh\u0131na b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Sonuncusu Hiro\u015fima\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen G7 zirvesinde de ayn\u0131 sorun dile getirildi ve uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin \u201criskten ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u201car\u0131nd\u0131rma<\/em>\u201d G7\u2019nin diplomaside sertle\u015fmesi, ticaret kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlendirmesi ve ticaret ve teknolojilerini korumas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda, ABD\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019i hedefleyen \u00e7ip ve \u00e7ip teknolojisi yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle askeri ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131labilecek teknoloji ihrac\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayarak yayg\u0131nla\u015fabilecek olmas\u0131 da demek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.<\/strong> \u00d6te yandan, Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistler sava\u015ftan yararlanarak \u00fclkelerini ve AB\u2019yi askerile\u015ftirmeye ve silahland\u0131rmaya y\u00f6neldiler. Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistler, h\u0131rsla ve a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fckle, AB\u2019nin stratejisini ve eylem g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, ortak g\u00fcvenlik ve savunma politikas\u0131 \u2013\u201dstratejik pusula<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cstratejik \u00f6zerklik<\/em>\u201d\u2013 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yeniden tan\u0131mlad\u0131 ve AB\u2019nin askeri birli\u011fini h\u0131zla kendi askeri g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak in\u015fa ediyor. AB, stratejik ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Avrupa men\u015feili tekellerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7lerle askeri i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapma yetene\u011fini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek istiyor. Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131, tek tek \u00fclkelerin ve AB\u2019nin askerile\u015ftirilerek yeniden silahland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bahanesi yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ba\u015fta Almanya ile Fransa olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm AB\/NATO \u00fclkelerinin askeri b\u00fct\u00e7eleri, hem NATO hem de AB\u2019nin taleplerini finanse etmek \u00fczere ikiye, hatta \u00fc\u00e7e katlan\u0131yor. Bu, korku, anti-kom\u00fcnizm ve gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik belirsizlik \u00fczerine kurulu a\u011f\u0131r bir sava\u015f propagandas\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fc alt\u0131nda hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde polis devleti ve fa\u015fizm g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasal ve ideolojik i\u00e7erikli bu sald\u0131r\u0131ya ra\u011fmen, Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 giderek artan say\u0131larda sava\u015f politikas\u0131na ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ciddi olarak a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ran militarizasyona kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emperyalist h\u0131rslar\u0131n askeri alan\u0131 da kapsayarak yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131, ya\u015fl\u0131 k\u0131tayla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil ve en ba\u015fta Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Afrika\u2019da \u00f6teden beri s\u00fcrmekte olan sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131na da yans\u0131yor. Ge\u00e7mi\u015flerinde k\u0131taya y\u00f6nelik s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci ya\u011fmac\u0131 uygulamalar bulunmayan \u00c7in s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fe duyulan nefreti kullanarak h\u0131zl\u0131 bir ekonomik yay\u0131lma s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr, Temmuz\u2019da k\u0131tan\u0131n liderlerini Petersburg\u2019da toplayarak g\u0131da s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7indeki \u00fclkelere tah\u0131l yard\u0131m\u0131 vaat eden Rusya siyasal-askeri ata\u011fa kalkarken, Fransa, Afrika\u2019da sorunlarla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze. 2022 Temmuz\u2019unda Avrupa G\u00f6rev G\u00fcc\u00fc Takuba ile birlikte Mali\u2019den, Aral\u0131k\u2019ta Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti\u2019nden, darbelerin ard\u0131ndan bu y\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda Burkina Faso ve sonra Nijer\u2019den askerlerini \u00e7ekmek zorunda kald\u0131. Sonuncusu eski Frans\u0131z s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi Gabon\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen darbelerin bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede Wagner grubu askerleri bulunduran Rusya\u2019yla yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisine ve bu \u00fclkelerden d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Fransa bu k\u0131taya y\u00f6nelik ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k ve sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan vaz ge\u00e7medi, hala \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00c7ad\u2019da askerleri var ve \u00f6rne\u011fin t\u00fcm Sahel\u2019de \u0130slamc\u0131 \u201cBoko Haram ter\u00f6r\u00fc<\/em>\u201d bahanesiyle faal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.<\/strong> Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u201ck\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7izgisi<\/em>\u201d ilan etmesine ra\u011fmen, Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 \u00fcye olmaya y\u00f6nlendirip NATO\u2019nun do\u011fuya geni\u015flemesi politikas\u0131 izlemesinin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fgalden aylar \u00f6nce ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cRusya sald\u0131rd\u0131, sald\u0131racak<\/em>\u201d propagandas\u0131yla bu \u00fclkeyi sava\u015fa haz\u0131rlay\u0131p k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131, ABD emperyalizminin d\u00fcnyadaki pozisyonunu yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k ortaya koyuyor. Amerikan emperyalizmi, hen\u00fcz hala \u201cvekil<\/em>\u201d (Ukrayna) kullansa da, Avrupa\u2019da k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f yoluyla rakiplerini hi\u00e7 de\u011filse geriletmeye y\u00f6nelmi\u015f sald\u0131rgan bir g\u00fc\u00e7. Bu, rakiplerinin, \u00f6rne\u011fin sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ukrayna i\u015fgaliyle kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f olan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n sald\u0131rgan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.<\/strong> Sava\u015fa ba\u015f vuran Rusya olmakla birlikte, ABD\u2019nin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki as\u0131l rakip, sanayisinin yeni ve ileri teknolojiye dayanan teknik temeliyle son y\u0131llarda h\u0131zla geli\u015fmi\u015f olan \u00c7in. GSY\u0130H\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle neredeyse ABD\u2019yi yakalamakta olan \u00c7in, hen\u00fcz sahip oldu\u011fu askeri-s\u0131nai kompleks ve silahlanma kapasitesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Amerikan emperyalizminin olduk\u00e7a gerisinde. \u00c7in bu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gidermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, ge\u00e7ici olaraksa Rusya\u2019yla ittifak\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rma yoluyla a\u015fma \u00e7abas\u0131nda. Fazla uzak olmayan bir gelecekte \u00c7in\u2019le ba\u015f edemeyece\u011finin fark\u0131nda olan ABD ise, \u00f6ncelikle Ukrayna \u00fczerinden Rusya\u2019ya y\u00fcklenip, bu \u00fclkeyi \u00e7\u00f6kertme ya da olmuyorsa zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek hareketsizle\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelerek, \u00c7in\u2019i dayanaks\u0131z b\u0131rakma ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te ticari ve s\u0131nai sava\u015flar yoluyla \u00c7in\u2019in ekonomik geli\u015fmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesme tutumu izliyor. Tamamen ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fu da s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11.<\/strong> Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131, \u00fcstelik uzun say\u0131labilecek y\u0131llar sonra ilk kez yeniden \u2013bl\u00f6f amac\u0131yla olsa bile\u2013 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn edilmesine kadar vararak, emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin yenilenmesinin arac\u0131 ve d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. Bu kapsamda ek olarak \u015funlar s\u00f6ylenebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte Rusya NATO ile de\u011fil Ukrayna\u2019yla sava\u015f\u0131yor; ancak durum \u00f6rne\u011fin Suriye\u2019den farkl\u0131. Rusya belirgin bi\u00e7imde ABD ve m\u00fcttefikleriyle NATO\u2019yu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ald\u0131; NATO da, teknoloji, uzaydan enformasyon ve lazer g\u00fcd\u00fcmleme, geli\u015fkin silah ve e\u011fitim deste\u011fi vererek fiilen sava\u015f\u0131yor ve bu sava\u015f Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n emperyalistler aras\u0131 rekabeti ekonomik, siyasi, askeri vb. \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak keskinle\u015ftirmesinin bir belirtisi ABD ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin Rusya ekonomisini \u00e7\u00f6kertmeye y\u00f6nelik bug\u00fcne kadarki en sert ekonomik ve mali yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulamas\u0131yken, bunlardan, ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye zorlanan Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin ciddi zararlar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131, Almanya ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Avrupa burjuvazisinin yeniden konumlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. ABD Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistleri kendi etraf\u0131nda toplarken, Alman emperyalizminin Schr\u00f6der taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilen Rusya ile daha yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme politikas\u0131n\u0131 benimseyen e\u011filimi ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zay\u0131flad\u0131 ve iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki keskin bir \u015fekilde kesildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131yla, \u00f6zellikle ABD taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan, AB\u2019nin 300 milyar Euro yat\u0131rarak kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 nakil yollar\u0131 ve tedarik zincirinde yap\u0131lmas\u0131na giri\u015filen de\u011fi\u015fiklikler netle\u015fti ve Avrupa \u00fclkeleri burjuvazilerini de pe\u015finden s\u00fcr\u00fcklemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Amerikan burjuvazisi \u00c7in\u2019e ili\u015fkin tutumunu sertle\u015ftirdi. Bu kapsamda belirli Amerikan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019den \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flarken, Avrupal\u0131lar hen\u00fcz yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 da dahil \u00c7in\u2019le olan ekonomik ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) ABD\u2019ye yak\u0131n duran ancak Rusya ile g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomik ve askeri ba\u011flar\u0131 olan Hindistan\u2019\u0131n yeni konumlanmaya uyum sa\u011flamada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Rusya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 desteklemeyi reddederek \u015e\u0130\u00d6 ile ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirmekte olu\u015fu, sava\u015f\u0131n emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin yenilenmesine yol a\u00e7an etkisinin \u00f6nemli bir unsuru. Bug\u00fcn Hindistan iki y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden farkl\u0131 bir konumda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12.<\/strong> Hi\u00e7bir emperyalist \u00fclke, ABD kadar t\u00fcm k\u0131talara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczlerce askeri \u00fcsse ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine m\u00fcdahale kapasitesine sahip de\u011fil. Ve ABD, hala, tek ba\u015f\u0131na, kendisinden sonra silahlanmaya en \u00e7ok harcayan ilk 10 \u00fclkeden daha fazla harcama yap\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyada toplam silahlanma harcamas\u0131ysa alarm verici boyutta; 2022\u2019de %13 artarak, toplam 2.240 trilyon $\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6te yandan on y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re, \u00c7in (%63) ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n (%47) harcamalar\u0131 y\u00fcksek oranda artt\u0131 ve bu \u00fclkeler eksiklerini telafi etmeye y\u00f6neldi. 2022\u2019de silaha en \u00e7ok harcayan ilk d\u00f6rt \u00fclke; \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re 0.7%\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f ve 877 milyar $\u2019la ABD, 4.2%\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f ve 292 milyarla \u00c7in, 9.2%\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f ve 86.4 milyarla Rusya ve 6%\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f ve 81.4 milyarla Hindistan. ABD y\u00fcksekli\u011fine ra\u011fmen GSY\u0130H\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n 3.4%\u2019\u00fc olan silahlanma harcamas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir ve hatta art\u0131rabilir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrken, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla zorlanan, GSY\u0130H\u2019sinin neredeyse 5%\u2019sini silahlanmaya ay\u0131ran ve sava\u015f ekonomisine y\u00f6nelen Rusya bu d\u00fczeyde silahlanmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmede zorlanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13.<\/strong> Amerikan emperyalizmi, rakiplerini erken bir hesapla\u015fmaya zorlama ya da diz \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme stratejisini, sadece Rusya\u2019y\u0131 tahrik edip sava\u015fmaya ve Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 bir sava\u015f alan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcp Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistleri kendisiyle birle\u015fmeye zorlayarak y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fcyor. Bir di\u011fer y\u00f6nelimi, birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00c7in\u2019e y\u00f6nelik ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, s\u0131nai alan\u0131 da kapsayarak geni\u015fletmesidir. \u00d6zellikle \u00e7ip \u00fcretiminden d\u0131\u015flayarak \u00c7in sanayiini zaafa u\u011fratma politikas\u0131, nakliye ve tedarik yollar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesiyle birlikte \u00c7in ekonomisi \u00fczerinde belirli bir etkide bulundu. ABD Kongresi\u2019nin eski S\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Pelosi\u2019nin Tayvan ziyareti \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ip \u00fcretimiyle ilgili oldu\u011fu kadar, Amerikan emperyalizminin sadece s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131vazlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tayvan\u2019\u0131 de\u011fil, Asya Pasifik\u2019teki m\u00fcttefiklerini cesaretlendirme ve karars\u0131z\/tarafs\u0131z pozisyonlar alm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkeleri \u015femsiyesi alt\u0131na davet etme ama\u00e7l\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Japonya, silahs\u0131zlanma politikas\u0131n\u0131 terk edip h\u0131zla silahlanmaya y\u00f6nelerek Amerikan emperyalizminin b\u00f6lgedeki m\u00fcttefiki ve dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak art\u0131k daha ileriden g\u00f6rev \u00fcstleniyor. Fransa ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmaya s\u0131rt \u00e7evirerek ABD ve \u0130ngiltere ile birlikte yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 AUKUS pakt\u0131\/anla\u015fmas\u0131yla n\u00fckleer dahil silahlanmas\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelen Avustralya benzer bir pozisyonda. \u0130ttifak i\u00e7inde \u00fcstlendi\u011fi rol bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, silahlanmaya \u0130talya\u2019dan \u00e7ok yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan G. Kore de ihmal edilmeyecek bir ABD m\u00fcttefiki. ABD, en son, 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r asker bulundurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Filipinlerle ili\u015fkilerini yenileyerek, 2014\u2019te imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Geli\u015fmi\u015f Savunma \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (EDCA) kapsam\u0131nda \u00fclkede 4 yeni askeri \u00fcsse daha yerle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kafkasya\u2019ya, Afrika i\u00e7lerine ve Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru geni\u015fleyen Ortado\u011fu ise, emperyalistler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemini yitirmi\u015f de\u011fil. Enerji deposu ve nakil yollar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan stratejik konumda. B\u00f6lgesel ve ulusal sava\u015flar\u0131n eksik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyada son y\u0131llarda de\u011fi\u015fiklikler mayalan\u0131yor. \u00d6zellikle rakiplerini Ortado\u011fu\u2019dan d\u0131\u015flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ABD bunu ba\u015faramad\u0131 ve hem ABD hem Rusya b\u00f6lgede asker bulunduruyor. \u0130ran, Suudi Arabistan ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de belirli b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinde askerleri var ve askeri harekat y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorlar. \u0130ran; Irak, Suriye, L\u00fcbnan ve Yemen\u2019de aktif. T\u00fcrkiye; Irak, Suriye, Libya ve Azerbaycan\u2019da. Araplar\u0131n liderli\u011fine oynayan Suudiler ise, belirli s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmeleriyle birlikte BAE ile dayan\u0131\u015farak, Libya\u2019dan Sudan\u2019a, Irak\u2019tan Yemen\u2019e \u2013baz\u0131lar\u0131na silahl\u0131 m\u00fcdahalede de bulunarak\u2013 b\u00f6lgede gerici rejim ve g\u00fc\u00e7leri besleyip destekliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irk\u00e7\u0131 \u0130srail Siyonizmi, ABD ile \u00f6zel ili\u015fkiye sahip ve onun deste\u011fiyle ili\u015fkilerini \u201cnormalle\u015ftirmeye<\/em>\u201d y\u00f6neldi\u011fi b\u00f6lgenin hemen t\u00fcm gerici devletlerince tan\u0131n\u0131p me\u015fruiyetini sa\u011flamada \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.. Bu, Filistin\u2019i i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda tutmas\u0131 ve durmaks\u0131z\u0131n Filistinli kan\u0131 d\u00f6kmesine; ba\u015fkent ilan etti\u011fi Kud\u00fcs\u2019te estirdi\u011fi ter\u00f6re, neredeyse periyodik olarak Gazze\u2019yi ve Temmuz\u2019da Bat\u0131 \u015eeria\u2019y\u0131 bombalamas\u0131na, tanklarla Cenin\u2019e girmesine ve her sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n onlarca Filistinlinin hayat\u0131na mal olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyordu. 7 Ekim\u2019de ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 son hunharca sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 \u201cnormalle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin<\/em>\u201d duraklamas\u0131na neden oldu ve \u00f6rne\u011fin Suudiler s\u00fcreci ask\u0131ya ald\u0131. Ancak hi\u00e7bir b\u00f6lge \u00fclkesi \u0130srail\u2019le diplomatik ve ticari ili\u015fkilerini kesmedi, tersine ona lojistik katk\u0131lar sa\u011flamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. ABD, \u0130ngiltere, Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistler ve hemen t\u00fcm Avrupa \u00fclkeleri, Japonya, Avustralya\u2026 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a desteklenen \u0130srail Siyonizminin a\u00e7\u0131k bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m halinde s\u00fcren Gazze\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu b\u00f6lgenin Filistinsizle\u015ftirilmesini ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Asker-sivil ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmayan, okul, hastane, kutsal mekan tan\u0131mayan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 Siyonist sald\u0131rganl\u0131k, soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 destekleyip onaylamaktan \u00e7ekinmeyen emperyalist merkezlerin halklar\u0131 dahil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131n tepkisine ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen t\u00fcm kentlerinde yo\u011fun kitlesel g\u00f6sterilere neden oldu. ABD ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin \u2013b\u00f6lgenin Arap \u00fclkeleriyle eski iyi ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerini zorla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6ze alarak\u2013 bu insanl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 desteklemelerinin temel bir nedeni, emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin giderek keskinle\u015fti\u011fi ko\u015fullarda zaten \u00f6nemli olan \u0130srail gibi bir m\u00fcttefikin artan \u00f6neminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Hindistan\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p Avrupa\u2019ya uzanacak yeni \u201cekonomik koridor<\/em>\u201dun Siyonist i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki Filistin topraklar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ecek olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Rusya ve \u00c7in emperyalizmi belirli bir teredd\u00fcd\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan, b\u00f6lgenin \u201c\u0130slam<\/em>\u201d \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkilerini yenilemeyi g\u00f6zeterek \u201cate\u015fkes<\/em>\u201d istiyor, ancak laf\u0131n \u00f6tesinde \u0130srail sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 durdurmaya y\u00f6nelik somut bir tutum geli\u015ftirmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14.<\/strong> ABD\u2019nin ataklar\u0131na Rusya\u2019n\u0131n tepkisi Ukrayna\u2019ya sald\u0131rmak olurken, \u00c7in de kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermekte gecikmedi: Pelosi\u2019nin Tayvan ziyaretini bu \u00fclkeye g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 vermeye y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck bir askeri tatbikatla yan\u0131tlad\u0131. \u00c7in, as\u0131l, y\u0131llar \u00f6ncesinden ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201c\u0130pek Yolu<\/em>\u201dna at\u0131fla \u201cKu\u015fak Yol<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 takt\u0131\u011f\u0131 projesi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politika uyguluyor. \u00c7in projesi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 \u00c7in etraf\u0131nda birbirine ba\u011flamay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Myanmar darbesi bu proje ile de ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131; Banglade\u015f ve Pakistan, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ortak b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve verilen bor\u00e7 ve kredilerle \u201cYol<\/em>\u201dun g\u00fczergah\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. \u00c7in\u2019le imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 400 milyar dolarl\u0131k anla\u015fmayla \u0130ran da \u00f6yle. T\u00fcrkiye ile mali ve ekonomik ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftiren \u00c7in, arabuluculu\u011fuyla Suudi Arabistan\u2019la \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 bar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak, ABD\u2019nin b\u00f6lgenin enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye almak \u00fczere kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cOrtado\u011fu NATO<\/em>\u201dsunu bo\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme hamlesi yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suudi Arabistan\u2019la geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ili\u015fkiler \u00c7in\u2019in etkili yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n iyi bir \u00f6rne\u011fi. 2016 ve 2022\u2019de iki kez Riyad\u2019a giden, arada veliaht prensi Pekin\u2019de a\u011f\u0131rlayan Xi, ikinci gezisinde \u00c7in-Arap \u00dclkeleri ve \u00c7in-K\u00f6rfez \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc zirvelerine de kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok anla\u015fma imzalad\u0131. \u015eu anda \u00c7in enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bu \u00fclkeden kar\u015f\u0131larken, Suudi petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de \u00c7in\u2019de rafine ediliyor ve varl\u0131klar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya 1 numaras\u0131 Suudi enerji \u015firketi Aramco\u2019nun \u00c7in\u2019de milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 bulunuyor. Bu tekel \u00c7in\u2019in kuzeydo\u011fusundaki ortak enerji yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131 ve \u00f6zel sermayeli bir petrokimya grubunun hisselerinin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131n ald\u0131. \u0130ki \u00fclkenin geli\u015fen ili\u015fkilerin bir sonucu, Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan petrol \u00fcretimini art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eden Biden\u2019\u0131n iste\u011fine uymayan Suudi y\u00f6netiminin Rusya ile anla\u015farak \u00fcretimi k\u0131smas\u0131 oldu. Suudilerin \u0130ran\u2019la yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 olan ikincisi, Ortado\u011fu\u2019ya ili\u015fkin Amerikan hesaplar\u0131n\u0131 sabote etme potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n Mart\u2019\u0131nda Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n \u015eanghay \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019ne (\u015e\u0130\u00d6) \u201cdiyalog orta\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak kat\u0131lmas\u0131ysa \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABD ile ili\u015fkilerinin d\u00fczeyi ve b\u00f6lgede bu \u00fclkenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca dayanaklar\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu bilinen Suudiler \u00f6rne\u011fi, ABD\u2019nin gerileyi\u015finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00c7in\u2019in \u201cyumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7<\/em>\u201d denen mali ve iktisadi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc siyasal g\u00fcce tahvil ederek, askeri m\u00fcdahale ve sava\u015flara ba\u015fvurmadan d\u00fcnyada etkisini art\u0131rmas\u0131 ve giderek ABD\u2019nin aleyhine hegemonya alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmesinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131ca y\u00f6ntemini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15.<\/strong> Yine de Suudilerin eksen de\u011fi\u015ftirerek \u00c7in-Rusya eksenine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir de\u011ferlendirme olur. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ve tek \u00f6rne\u011fi Suudiler olmayan olgu, daha \u00e7ok, \u201cb\u00f6lgesel g\u00fc\u00e7ler<\/em>\u201d durumundaki Suudi Arabistan, T\u00fcrkiye, G\u00fcney Afrika, Hindistan ve Brezilya gibi sermaye birikimi ya da askeri vb. a\u00e7\u0131lardan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenemeyecek \u00f6neme sahip az \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ya da orta boy kapitalist \u00fclkelerin emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelerin sertle\u015fti\u011fi ko\u015fullarda geni\u015fleyen manevra alanlar\u0131nda, bu \u00e7eli\u015fme ve s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fmelerden kendi \u201c\u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131 daha ileriden elde etmek \u00fczere yararlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kapsamda Suudiler, sadece \u00c7in ve Rusya ile ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirip \u0130ran\u2019la bar\u0131\u015farak d\u00fcnya ve b\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmakla kalm\u0131yor, ama \u00f6te yandan \u00c7in\u2019in ve \u201cKu\u015fak-Yol Giri\u015fimi<\/em>\u201dnin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesmeye y\u00f6nelik olarak ABD ve Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistlerin g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hindistan\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak Suudi Arabistan, \u0130srail, K\u0131br\u0131s, Yunanistan \u00fczerinden Almanya\u2019ya ula\u015facak \u201cYeni Ekonomik Koridor<\/em>\u201dun da ba\u015fl\u0131ca kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde T\u00fcrkiye de, Rusya ve ABD aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilere oynayarak Suriye, Irak ve Libya\u2019da pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar\u0131yla yay\u0131lma pe\u015finde. Belli ba\u015fl\u0131 emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n derinle\u015fmesine paralel olarak belirli \u00fclkeler, kendi \u201c\u00f6zel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilme<\/em>\u201d a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan eskisinden daha \u201cserbest<\/em>\u201d ya da denebilirse daha \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z<\/em>\u201d hareket etme olana\u011f\u0131 elde ettiler ve bunun eksen de\u011fi\u015ftirmekle de\u011fil, daha \u00e7ok bu \u00fclkeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan eksenlerin esnekle\u015fmesiyle ilgisi kurulabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16.<\/strong> \u00c7in\u2019e d\u00f6nersek, Eyl\u00fcl 2021\u2019de Xi Jinping, BM\u2019deki konu\u015fmas\u0131nda bir \u201cK\u00fcresel Kalk\u0131nma Giri\u015fimi<\/em>\u201d (KKG) kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nererek \u00c7in\u2019in \u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n dostu<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc peki\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yoksullu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, kalk\u0131nma i\u00e7in finansman\u0131 vb. g\u00fcndem edindi\u011fini iddias\u0131ndaki Giri\u015fim, BM\u2019nin 2030 \u201cs\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma<\/em>\u201d hedeflerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesinin arac\u0131 olacakt\u0131. \u00c7in propagandas\u0131, kalk\u0131nmakta olan \u00fclkelere deste\u011fin IMF gibi kurumlardan de\u011fil, \u00c7in\u2019den gelmesinin halklar\u0131n yarar\u0131na oldu\u011funu yay\u0131yor! Giri\u015fim etkisiz olmad\u0131; BM Genel Sekreteriyle 100\u2019den fazla \u00fclke ve uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015f deste\u011fini ifade etti, BM KKG Dostlar\u0131 Grubuna Ekim 2022 itibar\u0131yla 68 \u00fclke kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir di\u011fer \u00c7in y\u00f6ntemi, \u201cKu\u015fak-Yol Giri\u015fimi<\/em>\u201d kapsam\u0131nda a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kredi, verdi\u011fi bor\u00e7lar ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar. \u00c7in ilk y\u0131llarda projenin altyap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in 200 milyar dolar harcama yapt\u0131. 2027\u2019ye kadar proje maliyetinin 1.3 trilyonu a\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. \u201c\u0130<\/em>yi niyeti<\/em>\u201dni kan\u0131tlamaya y\u00f6nelik olarak, IMF ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri t\u0131kanan, \u00f6demeler dengesi iyice bozulmu\u015f olan Pakistan\u2019\u0131n $2 milyarl\u0131k kredisinin vadesini uzatarak temerr\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nleyen \u00c7in\u2019in bu t\u00fcr hamleleri, da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bor\u00e7 ve kredilerin ABD ve IMF\u2019nin mali ve ekonomik bask\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda halklar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cdostluk eli<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cyard\u0131mlar<\/em>\u201d olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunarak, yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in son 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rece geri ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 22 \u00fclkeye 240 milyar dolar tutar\u0131nda kredi sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu rakam ba\u015fka \u00fclkelere verdikleriyle birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in, verdi\u011fi bor\u00e7 ve kredilerin siyasal ko\u015fullar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlarla siyasal ama\u00e7lar g\u00fctmedi\u011fini iddia etse de bu, e\u015fyan\u0131n tabiat\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131. Do\u011fal ki, bor\u00e7lanan \u00fclkeler \u00c7in\u2019in eline bakar hale geliyor. \u00dcstelik IMF kredileri genellikle 1.5-2.5%\u2019lik faizlerle verilirken, \u00c7in kredilerinin ortalama faiz oran\u0131 3-5% aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in; daha 2018\u2019de, ihra\u00e7 sermaye stokunda Asya\u2019da 1.252 milyar dolarla b\u00fcy\u00fck farkla birinciydi. Afrika\u2019ya sermaye ihrac\u0131nda 2012\u2019den itibaren ABD\u2019yi ge\u00e7ti, mal ihrac\u0131ndaysa 2008\u2019den beri \u00f6ndeydi. Ve as\u0131l, bu k\u0131tada h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri 200 milyar dolara yak\u0131n bor\u00e7land\u0131rarak ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yaratmaya y\u00f6neldi. Bu \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015f yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve ihracat\u0131 i\u00e7inde L. Amerika\u2019n\u0131n pay\u0131 20%\u2019ler dolay\u0131nda. Bir IMF \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, off-shore yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 da kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, k\u0131tadaki d\u0131\u015f sermaye stok da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda \u00c7in 1. s\u0131rada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir yandan \u201cyumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7<\/em>\u201d kullanarak ekonomik ve siyasal yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131ran \u00c7in, \u00f6te yandan bir hesapla\u015fman\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bildi\u011finden, harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak giderek daha yo\u011fun silahlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17.<\/strong> ABD, atak halinde ve rakiplerini \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya zorlama pozisyonunda olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, ba\u015fl\u0131ca rakibi gen\u00e7 \u00c7in emperyalizmi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7 yitirme ve gerileme s\u00fcrecinde. \u00c7in ise y\u00fckseli\u015fte ve yeni etki ve hegemonya alanlar\u0131 talep etmekle kalmay\u0131p bu alanlar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7iriyor. N\u00fckleer silah y\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f askeri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7ip \u00fcretiminde oldu\u011fu gibi, ABD hala baz\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fcklere sahip, ancak zaman aleyhine i\u015fliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18.<\/strong> ABD\u2019nin hala t\u00fcm yakla\u015f\u0131m ve politikalar\u0131n\u0131 dayatma olana\u011f\u0131na sahip bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tek \u201cpatronu<\/em>\u201d oldu\u011fu ve onunla m\u00fccadele yetene\u011fine ve \u015fans\u0131na sahip olmayan di\u011fer t\u00fcm emperyalist \u00fclkelerin bu patronaja boyun e\u011fdi\u011fi \u201ctek kutuplu bir d\u00fcnya<\/em>\u201dda ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tm\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya y\u0131llard\u0131r \u201c\u00e7ok kutuplu<\/em>\u201d ve bu, hala pek \u00e7ok konuda kendisini dayatmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ABD\u2019nin her istedi\u011fini elde edebilmek bir yana hemen her konuda kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na rakiplerinin dikilmesiyle kan\u0131tl\u0131. ABD ola\u011fan y\u00f6ntemlerle koruyamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hegemonik pozisyonunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmenin yolunu \u015fimdilik Rusya\u2019yla sava\u015fta ar\u0131yor; ancak \u00c7in L. Amerika dahil her k\u0131tada t\u00fcm engelleme \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ABD aleyhine hegemonya alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletiyor, Rusya elindekileri koruyup yenilerini elde etmek i\u00e7in sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131yor. \u00d6nceki d\u00f6nemde NATO \u015femsiyesiyle yetinen Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistler ise, bir yandan NATO orta\u011f\u0131 olarak ABD ile yak\u0131n i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131yor, ancak bir yandan da kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcyor ve ekonomik ve siyasal birliklerinin askeri dayana\u011f\u0131 olarak kendi ayr\u0131 Avrupa ordular\u0131n\u0131 kuruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19.<\/strong> Reformist yakla\u015f\u0131mlarla kimilerinin Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019i de dahil ederek \u201cy\u00fckselen \u00fclkeler<\/em>\u201d ya da \u201c\u00f6zerk kalk\u0131nma alternatifi<\/em>\u201d olarak kategorile\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 BR\u0130CS (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, \u00c7in ve G\u00fcney Afrika) \u00fclkeleri de bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede hesaba kat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0131rakal\u0131m Rusya, \u00c7in, Fransa, Almanya gibi emperyalist \u00fclkelerin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesinden pay talep ederek yay\u0131lmakta olduklar\u0131 d\u00fcnyay\u0131, Amerikan emperyalizminin tek patron oldu\u011fu \u201ctek kutuplu d\u00fcnya<\/em>\u201d olmaktan \u00e7oktan \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131; orta ya da az \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck boy emperyalist olmayan \u00fclkeler bile \u201c\u00e7ok kutuplu<\/em>\u201d d\u00fcnyada kendilerine alan a\u00e7ma olana\u011f\u0131 bulabilmektedir. BR\u0130CS\u2019in varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve geni\u015flemesi, bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle bunun, bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019in geri kalan BR\u0130CS \u00fclkelerini sermaye ihrac\u0131 ve genel olarak ekonomik yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u201catlama tahtas\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak kullanma e\u011filiminin kan\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2010\u2019da G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ad\u0131 BRICS olan birlik, 2006\u2019da Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan ve \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan BRIC ad\u0131yla Bat\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle ABD hegemonyas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 aray\u0131\u015f kapsam\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftu. Emperyalistler aras\u0131nda artan gerginliklerin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ek manevra olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme \u00e7abas\u0131ndaki \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck ve orta boy \u00fclkelerin elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor, ancak ger\u00e7ekte \u00c7in ve Rusya taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendiriliyor ve as\u0131l onlara dayanakl\u0131k ediyor. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131na, toplam d\u00fcnya gayr\u0131 safi has\u0131las\u0131n\u0131n %26\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden 26 trilyon dolarl\u0131k bir ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe sahip olan \u201cbirlik<\/em>\u201d, 2014\u2019te, sonradan BAE\u2019nin de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201ckalk\u0131nma<\/em>\u201d projelerine kredi vererek yay\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak $250 milyar sermayeli bir \u201cKalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131<\/em>\u201d kurdu. Orta boy \u00fclkelere sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklar, otuzdan fazla \u00fclkenin birli\u011fe \u00fcyelik talebinde bulunmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz yaz sonunda G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da toplanan BRICS zirvesi, talepte bulunanlardan Arjantin, M\u0131s\u0131r, \u0130ran, Etiyopya, Suudi Arabistan ve BAE\u2019ye \u00fcyelik daveti yapt\u0131. Yeni \u00fcyelikler 1 Ocak 2024\u2019te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girecek ve birlik, orta boy ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelere kendi \u201c\u00f6zel<\/em>\u201d \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede olanaklar sa\u011flarken, ger\u00e7ekte ABD kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Rusya ve \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in\u2019in elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek ve yeni olanaklar pe\u015findeki \u00fclkeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yeni ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k ili\u015fkileri yaratacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20.<\/strong> Emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki son kap\u0131\u015fmada ise, yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n etkilerinin yan\u0131nda \u00fclkesindeki sava\u015f kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 muhalefet potansiyeli nedeniyle sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmede zorlanan sadece Rusya de\u011fil. Ukrayna\u2019da sava\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan ve besleyip s\u00fcrmesinin arkas\u0131ndaki ana g\u00fc\u00e7 olan ABD de zorlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Hen\u00fcz ekonomik olarak zorlanmasa bile, Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistleri uzun s\u00fcre pe\u015finde s\u00fcr\u00fcklemesi zor. \u00dcstelik Rusya kadar Ukrayna dolay\u0131m\u0131yla ABD ve ortaklar\u0131n\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmede zorlayan bir ba\u015fka neden, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 can kay\u0131plar\u0131d\u0131r. Rusya bug\u00fcne kadar 10\u2019dan fazla generaliyle bir o kadar sava\u015f gemisi kaybetti ve paral\u0131 asker \u015firketi Wagner\u2019in isyan\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fti. Putin son konu\u015fmalar\u0131ndan birinde Ukrayna\u2019da sava\u015fan 617 bin askerlerinin oldu\u011funu ve ge\u00e7en y\u0131l orduya 300 bin yeni askerin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Oysa Rusya i\u015fgale, bu \u00fclkeye yakla\u015f\u0131k 350 bin asker yollayarak ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir Amerikan gizli istihbarat raporu Rusya\u2019n\u0131n asker art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenini verdi\u011fi kay\u0131plar olarak a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131 ve kay\u0131p say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 315 bin olarak verdi, bu, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Ukrayna\u2019ya yollad\u0131\u011f\u0131 asker say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 90%\u2019\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Do\u011fal ki, ABD ve \u0130ngiltere ile Avrupa \u00fclkeleri rakipleri Rusya\u2019n\u0131n asker kayb\u0131n\u0131 abart\u0131l\u0131 verirken, Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n asker kay\u0131plar\u0131 ve sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmede zorlanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 gizliyor. Oysa Ukrayna g\u00fcnde 100\u2019\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde asker kayb\u0131 veriyor. Ukrayna h\u00fck\u00fcmeti cepheye asker sevkinde b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluk ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131; asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck rakamlara ula\u015ft\u0131, o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131 askere g\u00f6ndermemeyi ama\u00e7layan ailelerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fan g\u00f6sterileriyle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21.<\/strong> Gelinen noktada bat\u0131l\u0131 emperyalistler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131 iki yan\u0131 keskin b\u0131\u00e7a\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sava\u015f, Rusya\u2019y\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor, bu do\u011fru. Ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda, bu \u00fclkedeki faaliyetlerine son veren b\u00fct\u00fcn bat\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketlerin yerini \u00c7in \u015firketleri, enerji pazar\u0131 olarak Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n yerini Hindistan\u2019la \u00c7in pazar\u0131 ald\u0131. \u00c7in\u2019le d\u0131\u015f ticareti $190 milyarla rekor k\u0131ran Rusya, bu ticaretin \u2013sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi 0.5% iken\u2013 16%\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 Yuan\u2019la yapar hale geldi. Bunlar Rusya\u2019y\u0131 iyice \u00c7in\u2019e yak\u0131nla\u015fmak zorunda b\u0131rakt\u0131. Ancak sava\u015f, halklar\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n pahalanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n grev ve g\u00f6sterilere y\u00f6nelen ve sanayilerinin ihtiyac\u0131 olan ucuz enerjiden de yoksun kalan Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistleri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zorluyor, yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lan ve silah s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmese bile asker s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flayan Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 ise sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcremez noktaya s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. H. Kissinger, sonradan fikrini de\u011fi\u015ftirse de daha ge\u00e7en y\u0131l sava\u015f\u0131n uzamamas\u0131n\u0131 ve Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n toprak b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde sona erdirilmesini talep etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rusya\u2019y\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ktan desteklemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nan ve \u00f6rne\u011fin BM oylamas\u0131nda \u00e7ekimser kalan \u00c7in, \u015eubatta ate\u015fkes \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve bir bar\u0131\u015f plan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zelensky konuyla ilgili olarak \u00c7in\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken, ABD, plan\u0131n \u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n toprak fethinin fiilen onaylanmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f, ama y\u00fcksek sesle kar\u015f\u0131 propagandaya da giri\u015fmemi\u015fti. Nisan\u2019da \u00c7in\u2019e giden Brezilya ba\u015fkan\u0131 Lula, \u00c7in\u2019in bar\u0131\u015f plan\u0131na destek vererek, \u201cABD<\/em>\u2019<\/em>nin sava\u015f\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 konu\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6yledi. U\u00e7ak ve tank yard\u0131mlar\u0131 da almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n gerek yard\u0131mlar\u0131n azalmas\u0131 gerekse Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n zorluklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, Rusya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar hemen sona ermeyecek olsa da sava\u015f\u0131n sonland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131 s\u00fcrpriz olmaz. Ancak bunun emperyalistler aras\u0131nda \u015fiddetlenmekte olan \u00e7eli\u015fki ve m\u00fccadelelerin yat\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fi kesin ve bir ba\u015fka yer ve bir ba\u015fka sorun dolay\u0131s\u0131yla rakiplerin yeni bir kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geli\u015fleri muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yo\u011fun propaganda edilen ve geli\u015fmi\u015f silah sevkiyat\u0131yla desteklenen Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck yaz taarruzu<\/em>\u201d fiyaskoyla sonu\u00e7land\u0131 ve Rusya\u2019ya geri ad\u0131m att\u0131ramad\u0131. Kas\u0131m sonunda Br\u00fcksel\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen NATO D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanlar\u0131 toplant\u0131s\u0131nda ise en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler \u201cpat<\/em>\u201d durumu ve \u201csava\u015f yorgunlu\u011fu<\/em>\u201dydu. Ard\u0131ndan NATO Genel Sekreteri d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bas\u0131n toplant\u0131s\u0131nda \u201ci\u015fgalciye kay\u0131plar verdirilmesi ve baz\u0131 i\u015fgal b\u00f6lgelerinin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke olarak kalabilmesi<\/em>\u201dni kan\u0131t g\u00f6stererek \u201cUkrayna\u2019n\u0131n zaferi<\/em>\u201dnden s\u00f6z etti. Bunlar, sava\u015fta yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lan, do\u011fudaki en \u00f6nemli sanayi b\u00f6lgeleri Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcne ge\u00e7en ve ekonomisi \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcye u\u011frayan, 300 bini a\u015fk\u0131n can kayb\u0131 ya\u015fayan ve milyonlarca yurtta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 veren, \u00fcstelik ABD ve AB\u2019ye eskisinden daha \u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelen Ukrayna\u2019y\u0131 tabii ki ikna etmiyor. Ancak kendi gelece\u011fini Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fil, ABD ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin belirleyece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z ve Ukrayna, y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n yan\u0131nda NATO ve AB \u00fcyeli\u011fiyle yetinmek zorunda kalabilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc azalmakta olan deste\u011fin sonu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor: Biden, $60 milyarl\u0131k yard\u0131m\u0131 Senato\u2019dan ge\u00e7iremedi, Almanya s\u00f6z verdi\u011fi 8 milyar Euroluk yard\u0131m\u0131n son oldu\u011fu mesaj\u0131n\u0131 veriyor, \u0130ngiltere ise yard\u0131mlar konusunda \u00e7oktan frene basm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fi farkl\u0131 olsa bile, ger\u00e7ek taraflar durumundaki yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fck olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ABD ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin, u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri kay\u0131plar ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla Rusya\u2019n\u0131n zay\u0131flat\u0131lmas\u0131, baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin geri al\u0131nmas\u0131, \u0130sve\u00e7 ve Finlandiya\u2019n\u0131n NATO \u00fcyeli\u011fi ve \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201dkoruyabilen Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n bir s\u00fcre sonra NATO ve AB\u2019ye kat\u0131lacak olu\u015funu \u201cyeterli bir zafer<\/em>\u201d sayarak, K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019la Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunu elde etmi\u015f olmay\u0131 \u201cyeterli zafer<\/em>\u201d sayacak Rusya ile sava\u015f\u0131 bir anla\u015fmayla noktalamas\u0131 olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00dcNYA EKONOM\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N GEL\u0130\u015eME SEYR\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

22.<\/strong> D\u00fcnya ekonomisi, \u00f6zellikle Avrupa\u2019daki durgunlu\u011fu takiben pandeminin de etkisiyle 2019 sonu ve 2020\u2019nin ba\u015flar\u0131nda girdi\u011fi krizin ard\u0131ndan 2021\u2019de toparlanarak hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6stergeleriyle y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti, ancak bu uzun s\u00fcreli olmad\u0131. 2022, d\u00fcnya ve birka\u00e7\u0131 d\u0131\u015fta tutulursa t\u00fcm \u00fclke ekonomilerinin geli\u015fmesinin yava\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Euro B\u00f6lgesi ve Japonya ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke ekonomisinin durgunlu\u011fa girdi\u011fi bir y\u0131l oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23.<\/strong> IMF\u2019nin \u201cD\u00fcnya Ekonomik G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Nisan 2023 tarihli Raporu, Ukrayna (-3), \u015eili (-1), \u0130sve\u00e7 ve Yemen (-0.5), \u0130ngiltere (-0.3) ve Almanya (-0.1) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkeler ve genel olarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gayr\u0131 safi ulusal gelirinin artarak ekonomilerinin b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getiriyor. Ancak IMF de 2021\u2019de bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re ulusal gelir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 6.3% olan d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin 2022\u2019de yava\u015flayarak, 3.4%\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul ediyor. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclke ekonomileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha da belirgin olan b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131ndaki yava\u015flama 2022\u2019de 2.7%\u2019ye geriliyor. 2023 Nisan\u2019\u0131nda ise durum daha i\u00e7 karart\u0131c\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131 d\u00fcnyada 2.8\u2019e, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde ise 1.3\u2019e kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131n\u0131n rakamlar\u0131 da fazla farkl\u0131 de\u011fil. Banka, ABD ekonomisinin b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u2013b\u00fcy\u00fck bir az\u0131l\u0131\u015fla\u2013 2021\u2019deki 5.9%\u2019dan 2022\u2019de 1.9%\u2019a d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve 2023\u2019te tahminen 0.5%\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini belirtiyor. Euro b\u00f6lgesi ise, 5.3\u2019ten 3.3\u2019e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor ve b\u00f6lgede 2023\u2019de 0.0% b\u00fcy\u00fcme bekleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verilerde balonlara neden olan spek\u00fclatif i\u015flemlerin de dahil edildi\u011fi mali sekt\u00f6rle hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fc etkinliklerini de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri tam olarak yans\u0131tmasa da geli\u015fmenin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc veren ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 yerine niteleyici g\u00f6stergeler olarak ticaret hacmi ve sanayi \u00fcretiminin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi esas al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tablo daha da olumsuz bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sanayi ve Ticaret<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

24.<\/strong> Hollanda Politik Ekonomi Analizleri B\u00fcrosu\u2019nun verilerine g\u00f6re, 2021\u2019de 7.8% olan d\u00fcnya sanayi \u00fcretimi b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131, \u00fcretim hala artmakla birlikte, art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ferek, 2022\u2019de 3.1%\u2019e geriliyor. Art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131ndaki ayn\u0131 gerilemeyi, 2021\u2019deki 10.4%\u2019ten, 2022\u2019de geni\u015flemesini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekle birlikte, yava\u015flayan 3.2%\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla d\u00fcnya ticaret hacminin b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Buna ra\u011fmen, negatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131yla daralan Rusya ve do\u011fu Avrupa \u00fclkeleriyle \u0130ngiltere bir yana, sanayi \u00fcretimi, belirli oransal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler g\u00f6sterse bile, ABD (3.4%), \u00c7in (3.7%), Euro B\u00f6lgesi (1.4%), Japonya (0.2%), L. Amerika (2.6%) gibi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lgelerinde hala art\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25.<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 B\u00fcro\u2019nun verileri, 2021\u2019e g\u00f6re 2022\u2019de gerek d\u00fcnya sanayi \u00fcretimi gerekse ticaret hacminde tan\u0131k olunan b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131ndaki gerilemenin, 2022\u2019nin son iki \u00e7eyre\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, negatif b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyle daralmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131n\u0131n hala pozitif olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2022\u2019nin son \u00e7eyre\u011finde sanayi \u00fcretimi ve ticaret hacminde bir \u00f6nceki \u00e7eyre\u011fe g\u00f6re g\u00f6r\u00fclen negatif b\u00fcy\u00fcme devam etmiyor. 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk aylar\u0131nda d\u00fcnya sanayi \u00fcretiminde hafif bir toparlanma ve belirli bir art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fan\u0131yor. \u015eimdiden s\u00f6ylenebilecek olan, sanayi \u00fcretiminin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oranl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmeler g\u00f6stermesinin ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n artmay\u0131p azalmaya devam edece\u011fi olabilir ki, IMF tahminleri de bu y\u00f6nde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26.<\/strong> \u00d6te yandan, 2023 ba\u015f\u0131nda gerek d\u00fcnyada gerekse belli ba\u015fl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomilerde sanayi \u00fcretiminde g\u00f6r\u00fclen hafif toparlanma e\u011filimine d\u00fcnya ticaret hacmi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tan\u0131k olunmuyor. 2022\u2019in son \u00e7eyre\u011finde eksi b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6steren d\u00fcnya ticaret hacmi bu e\u011filimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda, 2022\u2019in son \u00e7eyre\u011finden ba\u015flayarak d\u00fcnya sanayi \u00fcretimiyle ticaret hacminin geli\u015fme seyri aras\u0131ndaki makas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmakta oldu\u011funu i\u015faret ediyor. Tedarik zincirinde kesinti ve k\u0131r\u0131lmalara neden olarak d\u00fcnya do\u011falgaz ve hububat ticaretini olumsuz etkileyen Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 nakliye yollar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve emtia fiyatlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseli\u015fler, makas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n etkenleri aras\u0131nda say\u0131labilir. Kapitalist d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimle orant\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fcmemesi, tersine gerisinde kalmas\u0131 ve sanayi \u00fcretimiyle ticaret hacminin b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki makas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcretim temelli kriz unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n birikmekte oldu\u011funun belirtisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

27.<\/strong> D\u00fcnyada tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en y\u0131lla bu y\u0131l\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak sanayi \u00fcretiminin art\u0131\u015f oranlar\u0131na benzer \u00f6zellikleri i\u015faret ediyor. Son y\u0131llarda iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 do\u011fal afetlerle kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 2022\u2019de ba\u015flayan Rusya-Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131 da tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimi etkiledi\u011fi gibi, tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcn ticareti \u00fczerinde de etkide bulundu. \u00dc\u00e7 belli ba\u015fl\u0131 besin ana maddesi olan bu\u011fday, m\u0131s\u0131r ve pirin\u00e7 \u00fcretimi esas al\u0131n\u0131rsa, bunlardan artan bu\u011fday \u00fcretimi bir yana, di\u011fer ikisinde \u00fcretim d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fleri ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu\u011fdayda 2021\/22\u2019nin 780,3 milyon tonluk \u00fcretimi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u2013bu y\u0131l\u2013 yakla\u015f\u0131k 794 milyon ton olan t\u00fcketimini kar\u015f\u0131layamaz ve stoklara ba\u015fvurulurken, 8 milyonluk bir art\u0131\u015fla, 2022\/23\u2019te 788,3 milyon tonluk \u00fcretime ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve eksik yine stoktan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131. M\u0131s\u0131r \u00fcretiminde ise ciddi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131 ve \u00fcretim 2021\/22\u2019deki 1.217,3 milyondan, 2022\/23\u2019te t\u00fcketim kar\u015f\u0131lanamayarak, 1.150,2 milyon tona geriledi. Benzer bir durumla d\u00fcnya pirin\u00e7 \u00fcretiminde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve 2021\/22\u2019de t\u00fcketim i\u00e7in yeterli olmayan 513,9 milyon tondan 2022\/23\u2019te t\u00fcketime hi\u00e7 yetmeyen 508,4 milyon tonluk \u00fcretime gerilendi. Bu y\u0131llarda ya\u011f, peynir, s\u00fct, b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvan ve pili\u00e7 eti \u00fcretimi \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck art\u0131\u015flarla hemen hemen ayn\u0131 kal\u0131rken, 80 milyonluk n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn bu alanlarda t\u00fcketime y\u00f6nelik toplam ihtiyac\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/a>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

28.<\/strong> 2021\/22\u2019den 2022\/23\u2019e bu\u011fdayda d\u00fcnya ticaret hacminde art\u0131\u015f olurken, m\u0131s\u0131rda 20 milyon tonluk, pirin\u00e7te ise 1.9 milyon tonluk azal\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ancak son be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r pirin\u00e7te 110 milyon tonunu, di\u011ferlerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in elinde tuttu\u011fu toplam d\u00fcnya stoklar\u0131, bu\u011fdayda 260 milyon, pirin\u00e7te 140 milyon, m\u0131s\u0131rda 313 milyon tonu bulmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya pirin\u00e7 fiyatlar\u0131 2022 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak h\u0131zl\u0131 olmasa bile artma e\u011filimindeyken, bu\u011fday ve m\u0131s\u0131r fiyatlar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dalgalanmalarla d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. \u015eimdilik, ikisinde fiyatlar\u0131n da d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 temel \u00fcr\u00fcnde t\u00fcketim i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 milyon ton eldeki stoklardan kar\u015f\u0131lanabilmektedir ve hen\u00fcz baz\u0131lar\u0131nca alarm\u0131 verilen bir \u201cg\u0131da krizi<\/em>\u201d kap\u0131da de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29.<\/strong> Sonu\u00e7 olarak, 2022\u2019yi iyi ge\u00e7irmeyen d\u00fcnya kapitalist ekonomisinde hen\u00fcz bir toparlanma ve canlanmadan s\u00f6z edilemez; d\u00fcnyada sanayi, tar\u0131m ve ticaretin geli\u015fmesinde ini\u015fli \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 ya\u015fanmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcksek Enflasyon Oranlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

30.<\/strong> D\u00fcnya son birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r y\u00fcksek enflasyon oranlar\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fiyor. 2022 yaz\u0131ndan itibaren oranlar giderek y\u00fckseldi ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede iki haneli rakamlara ula\u015ft\u0131. Kapitalistlerce genellikle Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131na yorulan enflasyon ya da al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fen paran\u0131n de\u011fer kayb\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131, enerji ve meta fiyatlar\u0131ndaki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015fle birlikte, ger\u00e7ekte, ucuz para\/s\u0131f\u0131r faiz politikas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez hale gelmesiyle dola\u015f\u0131mdaki paran\u0131n \u201cfazlala\u015fmas\u0131<\/em>\u201d ve en geli\u015fmi\u015fleri de dahil kapitalist \u00fclkelerin artan devlet bor\u00e7lanmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra pandemide tekelleri desteklemek \u00fczere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z para basmaya y\u00f6nelmelerindeki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015fla mayaland\u0131. Hala hemen t\u00fcm kapitalist \u00fclke piyasalar\u0131nda yeni bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u0131c\u0131r banknotlar dola\u015f\u0131mda. Pandeminin ard\u0131ndan 2021\u2019de kapitalist \u00fclke ekonomilerinde ya\u015fanan canlanman\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 enflasyon oranlar\u0131, ekonomide t\u0131kanmalar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte, kar\u015f\u0131 etkisiyle bu t\u0131kanmalar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fcterek, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkeleri k\u0131skac\u0131na ald\u0131. Arjantin ve T\u00fcrkiye gibi y\u00fcksek enflasyon oranlar\u0131yla ya\u015fayagelmi\u015f \u00fclkeler bir yana, ABD ve Euro b\u00f6lgesinin g\u00f6rece istikrarl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde de y\u00fcksek y\u0131ll\u0131k oranlar g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

31.<\/strong> 2023 Mart\u2019\u0131nda, enflasyon oran\u0131nda ge\u00e7en y\u0131l sonuna g\u00f6re belirli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ya\u015fanmakla birlikte hala g\u00f6rece y\u00fcksek oranlar sona ermi\u015f ve etkileri ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil. \u015eimdilik enflasyonun art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015flam\u0131\u015f durumda. G20 \u00fclkelerine bir g\u00f6z at\u0131\u015fla durum \u015f\u00f6yle: En d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u0131ll\u0131k oran, \u015eubat\u2019taki 1%\u2019den Mart\u2019ta 0.7%\u2019ye inen \u00c7in\u2019de. Hemen t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde, oran, binde birka\u00e7 puanl\u0131k azal\u0131\u015flarla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fte. Japonya\u2019da 3.2, Brezilya\u2019da 4.6, ABD\u2019de 5, Hindistan\u2019da 5.6, Fransa\u2019da 5.7, Almanya\u2019da 7.4 ve toplam Euro b\u00f6lgesinde 6.9, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de 10.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

32.<\/strong> Y\u00fcksek enflasyon oranlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu y\u00fcklerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist emperyalist \u00fclkeler taraf\u0131ndan kendi i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rken, \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc de d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131lmak \u00fczere, yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar, \u201cknow-how<\/em>\u201dlar, d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7lar, kredi ve d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 yoluyla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelere aktar\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fck aktar\u0131m\u0131, \u2013ard\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin de para birimlerini dalgalanmaya b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2013 ABD\u2019nin Bretton Woods Antla\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmesiyle uluslararas\u0131 para birimi olarak dayat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dolar\u0131n alt\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131larak fiyat\u0131n\u0131n dalgalanmaya terk edildi\u011fi 1971\u2019den itibaren artarak s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7arklar bor\u00e7la d\u00f6n\u00fcyor!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

33.<\/strong> Pandemi bor\u00e7lanma e\u011filimini kam\u00e7\u0131lad\u0131; bu do\u011fru, ancak bor\u00e7lanma, \u00f6zellikle devletlerin bor\u00e7lanmaya giderek s\u0131k s\u0131k devlet tahvili ve hazine bonolar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 kapitalizmin ola\u011fan bir e\u011filimi ve gelir transferiyle y\u00fcklerin eme\u011fiyle ge\u00e7inen yoksullar\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir arac\u0131. Ancak son y\u0131llarda devlet (ve \u00f6zel) bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir ger\u00e7ek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapitalist devletler, hele ekonomik ve mali s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ba\u015fta tekeller olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrden te\u015fvik, vergi indirim ve kolayl\u0131klar\u0131 vb. yollarla sermayeyi desteklemek ve kesintiler yapm\u0131\u015f olsalar bile devlet yat\u0131r\u0131m ve harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 finanse etmek \u00fczere bor\u00e7lanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmad\u0131. Kapitalizmin \u00e7arklar\u0131ndaki belirli t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar kadar enflasyon art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yeni y\u00fckler de faiz art\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden ba\u015fka \u201c\u00f6nlemler<\/em>\u201din yan\u0131 s\u0131ra devlet bor\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6rece geri ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 devletler, bunlara ek olarak, ticaret ve faiz-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 fazla a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapatma, paralar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fer kayb\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lama ve \u00f6zellikle kapitalistlerinin \u00fcstesinden gelemeyece\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 finanse etme gibi nedenlerle de bor\u00e7land\u0131. Ekonominin g\u00f6reli gerili\u011fi ve derin yolsuzluklar\u0131n bor\u00e7lanma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131ca sorun ise, Arjantin ve Pakistan \u00f6rneklerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, gerek emperyalist devletler ve IMF gibi mali kurulu\u015flar gerekse bankalar ve \u201cLondra tefecileri<\/em>\u201d t\u00fcr\u00fcnden finansal yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketlerince dayat\u0131lan belirli ekonomik ve siyasal ko\u015fullar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bor\u00e7lanabilmeleri ve \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu zorluklar b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e bor\u00e7 faizlerinin y\u00fckselmesi oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son y\u0131l i\u00e7inde de devlet bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklerle y\u00fckseli\u015fine tan\u0131k olduk. Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k \u00e7ok say\u0131da kapitalist \u00fclke GSY\u0130H\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan oranlarla bor\u00e7lu ve en y\u00fcksek bor\u00e7lanma d\u00fczeyleriyse g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomilere sahip emperyalist \u00fclkelerin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2022 Aral\u0131k itibar\u0131yla GSY\u0130H\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fczdesi olarak; Japonya (%258), Yunanistan (%166), Sudan (%151), \u0130talya (%140), ABD (%122), Portekiz (%112), Fransa (%111), \u0130spanya (%110.5), Bel\u00e7ika (%106), \u0130ngiltere (%106), Hindistan (%93), Brezilya (%88), M\u0131s\u0131r (%87), \u00c7in (%82.4), Bolivya (%82), Tunus (%80), Arjantin (%76), Macaristan (%73), Almanya (%67), Malezya (%67), Kenya (%67), Meksika (%55), Rusya (%24.9) bor\u00e7lu \u00fclke \u00f6rnekleri.[2]<\/a> Bor\u00e7 miktarlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok borcu olan \u00fclkeler s\u0131ralamas\u0131ysa 2022 itibar\u0131yla trilyon dolar olarak \u015f\u00f6yle: ABD 24.5, \u0130ngiltere 8.7, Fransa 7, Almanya 6.5, Japonya 4.4, \u00c7in 2.6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devletler, \u015firketler ve ki\u015filerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bor\u00e7lanmalar\u0131 hesaba kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bor\u00e7lanman\u0131n kapitalizmin olmazsa olmaz\u0131 oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z ve k\u00fcresel bor\u00e7 tutar\u0131 da art\u0131\u015fta. Institute of Foreign Finance\u2019a g\u00f6re, 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde d\u00fcnyada devletler, \u015firketler ve bireylerin toplam bor\u00e7 stoku 8,3 trilyon dolar artarak, 305 trilyon dolara ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu toplam\u0131n 161.7 trilyonu \u015firketlerin (%53), 85.7 trilyonu devletlerin (%28) ve 57.6 trilyonuysa bireylerin (%19). Covid \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re toplam bor\u00e7 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise 45 trilyon dolar.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faiz Art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve S\u0131k\u0131 Para Politikas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

34.<\/strong> Art\u0131k ezbere uygulanan \u00f6nlemler kategorisindendir; enflasyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Merkez Bankalar\u0131 faizleri y\u00fckseltir ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler para politikalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, devlet harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sar ve kesintilere gider. IMF\u2019nin enflasyonla y\u00fczle\u015fen t\u00fcm \u00fclkelere \u00f6nerisi\/dayatmas\u0131 da budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2021 sonunda merkez bankalar\u0131 faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ve bunu s\u0131k s\u0131k tekrarlad\u0131lar. En y\u00fcksek faiz 2022 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde 75% ile Arjantin\u2019deydi, bu \u00fclkede y\u0131ll\u0131k enflasyonun bu y\u0131l Mart\u2019ta 100%\u2019\u00fc a\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 81%\u2019e y\u00fckseltildi ve 2 bin pesoluk yeni banknot bas\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fcndemde. Mart\u2019ta s\u0131ras\u0131yla en y\u00fcksek faiz oranlar\u0131 Brezilya (13.75) ve Meksika\u2019da (11.25).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiltere Bankas\u0131, 2022 Aral\u0131k\u2019\u0131nda 3.5%\u2019a y\u00fckseltti\u011fi faizleri 2023 \u015eubat\u2019\u0131nda 4%\u2019e, Mart\u2019ta 4.25%\u2019e y\u00fckseltti, faiz oran\u0131 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta ise 5.25%. ABD merkez bankas\u0131 FED, son bir y\u0131lda 4.75% art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 faiz oran\u0131n\u0131 2023 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131nda 5-5.25% aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00fckseltti, oran Aral\u0131k\u2019ta ise 5.25-5.50%. May\u0131s\u2019ta faizler Rusya\u2019da 7.5%, Hindistan\u2019da 6.5% ve \u00c7in\u2019de 3.65%\u2019ti. \u00c7in\u2019de faiz oran\u0131 \u00f6nce 3.55%\u2019e, A\u011fustos\u2019ta 3.45% d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve Aral\u0131k\u2019ta bu oran korunuyor. Hindistan\u2019da \u015eubat\u2019tan Aral\u0131k\u2019a ayn\u0131 oran ge\u00e7erli kal\u0131rken, Rusya\u2019da faizler iki kattan fazla artarak Aral\u0131k\u2019ta 16% oldu. Euro B\u00f6lgesinde ise, Avrupa Merkez Bankas\u0131, daha \u00f6nce 3 ve sonra 3.5 olan oran\u0131 3.75%\u2019e y\u00fckseltti, oran Eyl\u00fcl\u2019den Aral\u0131k\u2019a 4.5%.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faiz art\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na para politikalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kamusal hizmetlerde kesintiler e\u015flik ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

35.<\/strong> Merkez Bankalar\u0131n\u0131n faiz art\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn bankalar izledi ve kredi faizleri artt\u0131. Do\u011frudan bir sonu\u00e7, mortgage kredi faizlerinin artmas\u0131 oldu. Konut fiyatlar\u0131 \u00f6nce y\u00fcksek oranda artt\u0131, giderek yava\u015flad\u0131; 2022 sonunda zirve yapt\u0131ktan sonra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti. Y\u00fcksek mortgage faizleri konut sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olurken, kiralarda y\u00fcksek art\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Faiz art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 piyasalar\u0131 durgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkide bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

36.<\/strong> Faiz art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 bankalar\u0131 kredi sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak olumsuz etkiler ve k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc etkide bulunurken, bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli olumsuz etkisi, ba\u015fta Amerikan hazine tahvilleri olmak \u00fczere, kasalar\u0131na doldurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 devlet tahvillerinin faizler y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e de\u011fer kaybetmesi oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merkez Bankalar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca y\u00fcksek enflasyonla m\u00fccadele ve \u00fclkelerine sermaye giri\u015fini art\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layarak faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltti, ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda nakit para sahibi olan kapitalistler, ayn\u0131 zamanda, faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem y\u00fckselip al\u00e7almas\u0131n\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve zenginle\u015fme y\u00f6ntemi olarak de\u011ferlendirdi. B\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda para i\u015flem g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde faiz oranlar\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck oynamalar bile vurgunculara b\u00fcy\u00fck gelirler sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlar\u0131n en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131nan Berkshire Hathaway\u2019in CEO\u2019su Warren Buffet 2020-2023 aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde sadece faiz oranlar\u0131na \u201coynayarak<\/em>\u201d $157 milyar kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faiz Art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Bankalar\u0131 Vurdu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

37.<\/strong> Finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ilk sorun, 2022 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda Kripto Para borsas\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn 32 milyar dolar de\u011ferindeki ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck borsas\u0131 olan FTX kripto paralar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7erken, m\u00fc\u015fterileri paralar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6demeler sorunu a\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131p sat\u0131\u015f da ger\u00e7ekle\u015femeyince iflas ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu. Kripto paran\u0131n tamamen g\u00fcvensiz vurguncu niteli\u011fini bir kez daha g\u00f6steren iflas, FTX\u2019in hesaps\u0131z vurgunculu\u011fu ve FED\u2019in faiz art\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aral\u0131k 2022\u2019de, \u0130ngiltere h\u00fck\u00fcmeti bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapmaya haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Nedeni, Londra\u2019n\u0131n Brexit sonras\u0131nda \u201cAvrupa\u2019n\u0131n finans merkezi<\/em>\u201d olma konumunu yitirmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131. \u00d6te yandan AB de benzeri bir \u201creform<\/em>\u201d haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

38.<\/strong> Bu y\u0131l Mart ba\u015f\u0131nda ise, ABD\u2019de 16. b\u00fcy\u00fck bankas\u0131 Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), uluslararas\u0131 bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemi \u00fczerinde sars\u0131c\u0131 etkilerde bulunarak iflasa s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi. Aral\u0131k 2022 itibariyle toplam varl\u0131klar\u0131 209 milyar, toplam mevduat\u0131 ise 175,4 milyar dolar olan SVP\u2019nin bat\u0131\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7an, MB\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131n faiz art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Faiz art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck faizle \u00e7ok miktarda ABD devlet tahvili sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f olan bankan\u0131n elindeki tahvillerin piyasa de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Faizler y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e, sabit gelirli ve uzun vadeli devlet tahvillerinden elde edilen gelirler, daha k\u0131sa vadeli spek\u00fclatif yat\u0131r\u0131mlardan elde edilen gelirlerin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Para sahipleri daha k\u0131sa vadeli ama daha y\u00fcksek faizli krediler i\u00e7in bor\u00e7 para vermeye y\u00f6neldi ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131\/mevduat sahipleri SVB\u2019den mevduatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Banka, nakit ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in mecbur kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferleri d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f tahvillerin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olu\u015fan 2 milyar 250 milyon dolarl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatamad\u0131 ve batt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzun vadeli Hazine tahvillerinden elde edilen gelirlerin d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olan faiz art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, \u201csabit gelir getiren<\/em>\u201d di\u011fer tahviller \u00fczerinde de ayn\u0131 etkide bulundu. Toplam\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.2 trilyon dolar\u0131 bulan tahvilin d\u00fc\u015fen piyasa de\u011ferleri ekonomiyi ve bir\u00e7ok bankay\u0131 istikrars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Sabit gelirli12 trilyon dolarl\u0131k ipote\u011fe dayal\u0131 menkul k\u0131ymetler ve 10 trilyon dolarl\u0131k \u015firket tahvilleri piyasalar\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131 ve bu da, kasalar\u0131nda sabit gelirli menkul k\u0131ymetler bulunduran bankalar\u0131 istikrars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir nedendi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki g\u00fcn sonra, daha \u00e7ok kripto para \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fan Signature Bank benzer bi\u00e7imde iflasa s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi ve Federal Mevduat Sigorta Kurumu (FDIC) taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan bir hafta i\u00e7inde hisseleri 70% de\u011fer kaybeden ve iflas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe edilen Kaliforniya merkezli First Republic\u2019\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 11 ABD bankas\u0131, 30 milyarl\u0131k nakit deste\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131. Nisan ba\u015f\u0131nda, \u201ckurtar\u0131c\u0131lar<\/em>\u201ddan JP Morgan Chase, 2008 t\u00fcr\u00fc bir kriz beklemedi\u011fini, ama \u201cbankac\u0131l\u0131k krizinin hen\u00fcz tam olarak sona ermedi\u011fini<\/em>\u201d s\u00f6ylemekteydi. Ger\u00e7ekte, endi\u015fe, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bankan\u0131n da \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin ciddi bi\u00e7imde sars\u0131lacak olmas\u0131yd\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla Amerikan bankalar\u0131 sistemi kurtarmaya ko\u015ftu. (Bunlar yetmeyince, banka May\u0131s\u2019ta JP Morgan Chase taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ama\u00e7la, \u00f6ncelikle SVP\u2019nin \u0131skontolar\u0131yla birlikte 88.5 milyar dolarl\u0131k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yine Kaliforniya merkezli First Citizens Bank taraf\u0131ndan uygun ko\u015fullarla sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3<\/strong>9<\/strong>.<\/strong> Yine de iflaslar\u0131n d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011findeki etkilerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilemedi. \u00d6nce SVB\u2019nin \u0130ngiltere \u015firketi HSBC taraf\u0131ndan 1 pounda sat\u0131n al\u0131narak kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. Daha \u00f6nemlisi, \u0130svi\u00e7re \u201cbankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin zay\u0131f halkas\u0131<\/em>\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen dev Credit Suisse hisselerinin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede 24% d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve \u0130svi\u00e7re Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 54 milyarl\u0131k deste\u011fe ra\u011fmen toparlanamay\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu. Sonunda banka, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin risk deste\u011fi ve MB\u2019n\u0131n 110 milyarl\u0131k likidite sa\u011flama s\u00f6z\u00fcyle, rakibi UBS taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131. Ancak bu, ne y\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde kasalar\u0131ndan 69 milyar dolarl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f olan Credit Suisse hisselerinin 62% azal\u0131\u015fla sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131n\u0131n da alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmesini, ne de UBS hisselerinin sat\u0131n alma sonras\u0131nda 8.8% de\u011fer kaybetmesini engelleyebildi. Bununla kalmad\u0131, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n 600 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketinin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Stoxx 600\u2019\u00fcn bankac\u0131l\u0131k indeksi 3.4% d\u00fc\u015ferek, bu y\u0131l\u0131n t\u00fcm y\u00fckseli\u015fini s\u0131f\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130flas ve sat\u0131n al\u0131nma yoluyla kurtarmalar\u0131n etkisiyle ABD ve \u0130ngiltere hisse indeksleriyle Avrupa borsalar\u0131 \u00f6nemli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ya\u015farken, Frans\u0131z bankas\u0131 Societe Generale SA 12%, BNP Paribas 10%, Alman Deutsche Bank 8%, \u0130ngiliz Barclays 8% ile hisselerinde kay\u0131plara u\u011frad\u0131. \u0130spanyol Santander ve Alman Commerzbank hisselerindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ise 10%\u2019lar\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

40<\/strong>.<\/strong> Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemindeki sars\u0131nt\u0131 ve hisse de\u011ferlerinde ya\u015fanan kay\u0131plar \u00fczerine, finans piyasalar\u0131na g\u00fcven a\u015f\u0131lama amac\u0131yla, ABD, \u0130ngiltere, Japonya, Kanada, Avrupa ve \u0130svi\u00e7re Merkez Bankalar\u0131 koordineli halde, Amerikan dolar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nlemlere ra\u011fmen, sanayi ve tar\u0131m \u00fcretimiyle ticaret hacmi b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesinin finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne de yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn sorunlar\u0131yla da birle\u015ferek d\u00fcnya kapitalizmini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde olumsuz etkiledi\u011fi ortada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

41<\/strong>.<\/strong> Kapitalist d\u00fcnya, kendi h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin s\u0131f\u0131r faiz politikas\u0131 izledikleri d\u00f6nemin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fiyor. S\u0131f\u0131r faiz ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ucuz para d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ok say\u0131da banka ve \u015firket devlet tahvilleri ald\u0131 ya da kendi \u015firket tahvillerini piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Apple ve benzeri nakit s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 olmayan \u015firketler bile s\u0131f\u0131r faizli ucuz para kullanarak bor\u00e7land\u0131. \u015eimdi ise, bir\u00e7ok \u015firket ve banka o d\u00f6nemde kolayca kar\u015f\u0131lanabilir olan bu tahvillerin de\u011fer kayb\u0131 ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselen faizleriyle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olan \u00fcretken ve finansal sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki orans\u0131zl\u0131klar \u00f6nceden a\u015f\u0131labiliyorken, sonunda sorun oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2022 ve ilk \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131yla 2023 g\u00f6steriyor ki, giderek t\u00f6kezlemeleri artmakta olan uluslararas\u0131 kapitalizm yaln\u0131zca en b\u00fcy\u00fck metropolleri de kapsayarak enflasyonun kontrolden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretlerin d\u00fc\u015fmesi nedeniyle emek\u00e7ileri yoksulla\u015ft\u0131rmak ve ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekilmez hale getirmekle kalm\u0131yor. Art\u0131-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne dayanan, rekabet ve k\u00e2r\u0131 yasa bilen kapitalizm, ayn\u0131 zamanda, ABD ve \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de belirli mali sermaye gruplar\u0131 ve bankalar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcye u\u011fray\u0131p iflaslar\u0131yla yoluna devam edebiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

42<\/strong>.<\/strong> Enflasyonu kontrol alt\u0131na alma, \u00fclkeye daha fazla sermaye \u00e7ekme vb. nedenlerle faizlerin y\u00fckseltilmesi, kredileri pahaland\u0131r\u0131p yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla \u00fcretimin ve genel olarak ekonominin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkiliyor; yeni sorunlarla a\u00e7mazlara neden oluyor ve mevcutlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu olumsuz geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, kapitalist \u00e7evrelerde faizlerin y\u00fckseltilmesinin daha ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131 ve hatta giderek ekonominin canlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in faizlerin indirilmesi gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler g\u00fcndeme getirildi. Burjuvazi para politikalar\u0131 ve bunun bir unsuru olarak faiz oranlar\u0131yla oynayarak sistemin a\u00e7mazlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, ancak bu ne sorunsuz ne de kolay oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcksek Meta Fiyatlar\u0131 ve Ya\u015fam\u0131n Pahalanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

43.<\/strong> Enflasyon oran\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131ndaki dengesizliklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tekellerin dayatmalar\u0131 ve arzla talep oynamalar\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00f6rece dalgalanan meta fiyatlar\u0131nda ciddi art\u0131\u015flar ya\u015fand\u0131. \u00dcstelik, \u00fcretimin girdisi durumundaki hammadde ve \u00f6zellikle enerji fiyatlar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ya\u015fanan art\u0131\u015flar, enflasyon oran\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseli\u015f \u00f6ncesinde ve bu y\u00fckseli\u015fin de bir etkeni olarak, y\u00fcksek teknoloji \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere a\u011f\u0131r ve tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 olanlar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsayarak t\u00fcm hafif sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin fiyatlar\u0131nda y\u00fckseli\u015fe neden olmu\u015ftu. Enerji ve hammadde fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n ise, ABD-\u00c7in ticaret sava\u015flar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 nakliyat yollar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin maliyetleri y\u00fckseltmesi ve bu de\u011fi\u015fiklerin tedarik zincirlerinde t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klara neden olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, pandeminin ard\u0131ndan 2021\u2019de t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde canlanan sanayinin enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve enerji \u00fcreten \u00fclkelerin \u00fcretimi art\u0131rmayarak fiyatlar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesinden kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelmeleri, Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Rus gaz\u0131n\u0131n devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131n\u0131 ve nakliye yollar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesini de zorlayarak hem tar\u0131m hem de enerji fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fini do\u011frudan etkilemesi t\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00e7ok say\u0131da nedeni bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

44.<\/strong> Bunun anlam\u0131, enflasyonun zorunlu t\u00fcketim maddeleri ve \u00f6zellikle g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri fiyatlar\u0131ndaki yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oranda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi oldu. Halk\u0131n t\u00fcketmeden edemeyece\u011fi g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, istisnas\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn kapitalist \u00fclkelerde bu y\u0131l enflasyon oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde pahaland\u0131. \u00c7in\u2019de \u00f6rne\u011fin, g\u0131da maddeleri fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131, Mart 2023\u2019te ayl\u0131k enflasyon oran\u0131 olan 0.7\u2019nin \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde, 2.4% olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. ABD\u2019de Mart 2023\u2019te enflasyon oran\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 5%, g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise 8.5% oldu. Almanya\u2019da fark, g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri aleyhine \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck: Mart\u2019ta enflasyon oran\u0131 y\u0131ll\u0131k 7.4%, g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerindeki pahalanma 21.2%. Fransa\u2019da durum benzer: Mart\u2019ta enflasyon art\u0131\u015f\u0131 5.7%, ama g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 15.9%. \u0130ngiltere istisna de\u011fil. Enflasyon oran\u0131 Mart\u2019ta 10.1%, g\u0131dada fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat\u0131: 19.1%.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

45.<\/strong> \u00d6te yandan, genel bir e\u011filim olan dalgalanman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yaln\u0131zca enerji ve g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde de\u011fil, bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde y\u00fckseli\u015fler olsa bile \u00e7o\u011fu hammadde ve \u00fcr\u00fcnde fiyat art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131nda yava\u015flama g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor, hatta enerji \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi bu yava\u015flama ciddi oranlarda. BM G\u0131da \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc FAO\u2019nun G\u0131da Fiyat Endeksi, 2023 Mart\u2019\u0131 itibariyle bir y\u0131ld\u0131r geriliyor. D\u00fcnya tah\u0131l fiyatlar\u0131, ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki rekabet nedeniyle bu y\u0131l Mart\u2019ta 5.6% d\u00fc\u015ferken bu\u011fday fiyat\u0131 ise 7.1% azald\u0131.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrekli dalgalanma halinde olan (2011\u2019de $111.26, 2016\u2019da $43.67, 2018\u2019de $71.34) Brent ham petrol ortalama varil fiyat\u0131, 2020\u2019de 40 dolarlara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. 2022\u2019de $100.93 ile yeniden zirve yapan, 2023 Nisan sonunda ise $77.5\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fen ham petrol varil fiyat\u0131, \u00f6nceki Nisan\u2019a g\u00f6re 24% ucuzlam\u0131\u015f durumda.[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yenisine sabotaj d\u00fczenlenen NortStream istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalmas\u0131na, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Rus do\u011falgaz\u0131 al\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltarak sonunda durdurmas\u0131na ve gaz pazar\u0131n\u0131n dalgalanarak \u00f6nceleri fiyatlar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, 2022 Aral\u0131k\u2019\u0131nda zirve yapm\u0131\u015f olan do\u011falgaz fiyat\u0131 Nisan 2023\u2019te ciddi olarak d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Elektrik fiyatlar\u0131 da, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, Fransa\u2019da 15.6%, \u0130talya\u2019da 40%, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de 41.4%, Almanya\u2019da 48% ucuzlad\u0131. Ancak enerji fiyatlar\u0131 hala 2020 ve \u201821 rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benzer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

46.<\/strong> Ancak baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde hala y\u00fckselen \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatlardaki gerilemeler halklara do\u011frudan yans\u0131m\u0131yor. Tah\u0131l fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f bile, ithalat\u00e7\u0131, sanayici, kredit\u00f6r banka ve nakliye faiz ve k\u00e2rlar\u0131 nedeniyle, ekmek ve di\u011fer g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin fiyatlar\u0131na azalan oranlarla yans\u0131yor. \u0130kinci olarak, d\u00fc\u015fmesine kar\u015f\u0131n fiyatlar \u00f6zellikle g\u0131da maddelerinde hala y\u00fcksek ve genellikle art\u0131yor, ama eski h\u0131z\u0131yla artm\u0131yor. Zincir marketlerde fiyat\u0131 mutlak olarak d\u00fc\u015fen \u00fcr\u00fcne rastlama olana\u011f\u0131 yok. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131 hala mutlak olarak \u00f6rne\u011fin 2020 ve \u201821 fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n misliyle \u00fczerinde. Bu, \u00f6rne\u011fin d\u00fc\u015fen enerji fiyatlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli. Petrol istasyonlar\u0131nda benzinle mazot litre fiyat\u0131yla \u0131s\u0131nmada do\u011falgaz giderlerinde son iki y\u0131ll\u0131k ba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00fckseli\u015fe g\u00f6re bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f var; ancak fiyatlar\u0131n t\u0131rmanmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesindeki \u201cola\u011fan g\u00fcnlere<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6re arabalar\u0131n depolar\u0131 hala \u00e7ok daha pahal\u0131ya doluyor, \u0131s\u0131nma ise hala ciddi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerle pahal\u0131. Ve as\u0131l \u00f6nemlisi, \u00fccret ve sair gelirlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve enflasyon oran\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7ilerle halklar\u0131n al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fcmenin Niteli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

47.<\/strong> Son Konferans\u0131m\u0131zdan bu yana birka\u00e7 \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyada sanayi ve genel olarak ekonomide b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015flasa bile hemen her \u00fclke b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Ancak sermaye ve emek gelirleri aras\u0131ndaki farkla birlikte gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 adaletsizli\u011fi de b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. D\u00fcnyada, \u00f6zellikle de ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ya da az \u00fcst\u00fcnde gelir elde edebilirken, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli kesimleri a\u00e7l\u0131kla y\u00fczle\u015fiyor ve eme\u011fiyle ge\u00e7inenler giderek yoksulla\u015f\u0131yor. GSYH i\u00e7inde \u00fccretlerin pay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Hele enflasyondan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, enflasyonun t\u0131rman\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 2021 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcne g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ciddi. Ve \u015f\u00fcphesiz ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretler d\u00fc\u015ferken, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde GSYH\u2019da sermayenin pay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc, tekellerin, \u00f6rne\u011fin bankalar\u0131n k\u00e2rlar\u0131 tavan yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne mutlak rakamlarla artmaya devam eden enflasyonun art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131ndaki yava\u015flama, ne enerji, \u00e7e\u015fitli hammadde ve \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler, ne de ekonomilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019de ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretler, 2022 sonunda, son 20 y\u0131l\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck noktas\u0131na geriledi ve Ulusal \u0130statistik Ofisi (ONS) rakamlar\u0131yla sadece bu y\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde 2.6% azald\u0131. Sendika Konfederasyonu TUC, ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretlerdeki gerilemenin 1977\u2019den bu yana g\u00f6r\u00fclen en sert, 1945 sonraki en k\u00f6t\u00fc ikinci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, son iki y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ise en uzun s\u00fcren \u00fccret s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. TUC rakamlar\u0131, 2022\u2019de kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kilit i\u015fletmelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n reel \u00fccretlerinin ayda \u00a3180 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koyuyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin hem\u015fireler reel olarak, 2010\u2019a g\u00f6re y\u0131lda \u00a35000 daha az kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Federal \u0130statistik Ofisi\u2019ne g\u00f6re, Almanya\u2019da ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretler 2022 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 ay\u0131na g\u00f6re 3.7% azald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Statista\u2019n\u0131n OECD\u2019ye dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 rakamlarla, ba\u015fl\u0131ca geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde 2022\u2019nin 3. \u00e7eyre\u011finde, 2021\u2019in ayn\u0131 \u00e7eyre\u011fine g\u00f6re reel \u00fccretlerdeki gerilemeler \u015f\u00f6yle: Fransa 0.8%, Japonya 1.5%, ABD 2.2%, \u0130ngiltere 2.7%, Almanya 4.3%, \u0130spanya 5.4%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

48.<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretlerin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu \u00fclkelerde tekellerin net k\u00e2rlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseli\u015f ise ciddi. \u00d6zellikle elektrik ve do\u011falgaz faturalar\u0131 kabar\u0131r ve halklar \u0131s\u0131nma zorlu\u011fuyla y\u00fczle\u015firken, ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te enerji \u015firketlerinin milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k fahi\u015f k\u00e2rlar elde ettikleri biliniyor. Statista\u2019ya g\u00f6re, 2022\u2019de k\u00e2rlar\u0131 \u2013milyar dolar olarak\u2013 tavan yapan tekeller aras\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 enerji (Suudi Aramco 303, Exxon Mobil 70.6, Shell 64.6, Petrobras 53.5, Pampa Energia 52.8, Chevron 47.4, Total Energies 45.5) ve y\u00fcksek teknoloji tekelleriyle (Apple 122, Microsoft 84.8, Alphabet 79) bankalar (d\u00f6rd\u00fc \u00c7in bankas\u0131 olan ICBC 65, China Construction Bank 57, JP Morgan Chase 45.6, Agricultural Bank of China 45.2, Bank of China 43.1) \u00e7ekiyor. 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finde ise tekeller, y\u0131ll\u0131k olarak net k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcketim maddeleri \u00fcreten sekt\u00f6rlerde 47.8%, genel olarak sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde 18.5, enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde 12%, finans ve bankac\u0131l\u0131kta 5.3% art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/a>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

49.<\/strong> G\u0131da ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere temel t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131 pahalan\u0131rken ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu kad\u0131n olan hem\u015fire ve ebelerin gelir kay\u0131plar\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u0130ngiltere rakamlar\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, en ba\u015fta kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikle yaln\u0131z annelerle \u00e7ocuklar ve gen\u00e7leri vuruyor. Okullarda \u00f6zellikle gelir d\u00fczeyleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na verilen yemekler giderek sorun olurken, pek \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkede bile kesintiler nedeniyle \u00e7ok say\u0131da gen\u00e7lik merkezi kapand\u0131. Artan ise uyu\u015fturucu kullan\u0131m\u0131 oluyor. \u00c7o\u011falan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 aile i\u00e7inde en \u00e7ok hissederek \u00f6nlem almaya \u00f6ncelikle u\u011fra\u015fan da yine kad\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

50.<\/strong> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 sadece enflasyon ve hayat pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcnden ekonomik etkenler \u00e7ekilmez hale getirmiyor. Ozon tabakas\u0131n\u0131n delinmesi, buzullar\u0131n erimesi, deprem, seller, kurakl\u0131k, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131n azalan verimlili\u011fi, f\u0131rt\u0131na, kas\u0131rga ve hortumlar t\u00fcr\u00fcnden g\u00fc\u00e7lenip \u00e7o\u011falan ve en ba\u015fta emek\u00e7ilerin do\u011fal \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 giderek daha ileriden tahrip eden etkenler de tahamm\u00fcl s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131yla do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 nedenle sanayi tesislerinin zehirli gazlar kusmas\u0131, at\u0131klar\u0131yla denizlerle nehirleri kirletmesi, barajlar ve madencili\u011fin kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tetiklemesi, Amazonlarda oldu\u011fu gibi ormans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma vb. kapitalist devletlerle tekellerin do\u011fay\u0131 tahrip etmesinin g\u00f6r\u00fcng\u00fcleridir. Sermaye birikimi ve kapitalizmin geli\u015fmesi eme\u011fin yabanc\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131yla do\u011fan\u0131n tahribine dayal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halklar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131yla kapitalist devletler, y\u0131ll\u0131k toplant\u0131larla s\u00f6zde \u00e7evrenin korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemler almak ve gezegenin \u0131s\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 frenlemek \u00fczere \u00fclkelerin do\u011fay\u0131 kirletmesinin \u201ckabul edilebilir<\/em>\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131rmak zorunda kald\u0131. ABD gibi \u00fclkeler bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00fclkelerin \u201cdo\u011fay\u0131 kirletme haklar\u0131<\/em>\u201d al\u0131n\u0131r-sat\u0131l\u0131r bir meta haline geldi. Ve do\u011fan\u0131n tahribi do\u011frudan sermaye birikimi ve kapitalistlerin k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131n sonucu de\u011filmi\u015f gibi, kapitalist devletlerle DB t\u00fcr\u00fcnden uluslararas\u0131 kapitalist kurulu\u015flar son y\u0131llarda icat ettikleri \u201cye\u015fil enerji<\/em>\u201d ve \u201cye\u015fil kapitalizmi<\/em>\u201d \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin lityum iyon piller kullanan elektrikli ara\u00e7lar \u00fcreten sanayi ekolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan alternatif olarak sunuluyor. Oysa, \u00f6ncelikle lityumun topraktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 devasa miktarda su gereksiniyor. Bir ton lityum \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in bir milyon litre suya ihtiya\u00e7 var. Lityum \u00fcretilen \u00f6rne\u011fin Arjantin\u2019in Jujuy b\u00f6lgesi y\u0131lda sadece 100 milimetre ya\u011f\u0131\u015f al\u0131yor ve yo\u011fun tatl\u0131 su kullan\u0131m\u0131 yerel topluluklar ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli tar\u0131m \u00fcreticilerini g\u00f6\u00e7e zorluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yenilenebilir enerjiye kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011filiz; ancak yerli halk\u0131n m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmesi, toprak ve sular\u0131n\u0131n kirletilmesine neden olan \u201cye\u015fil kapitalizm<\/em>\u201d vaadi ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir maskaral\u0131kt\u0131r. Do\u011fan\u0131n tahribinin sorumlusu olan kapitalist sisteme do\u011frudan meydan okumadan \u00e7evreyi korumak olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

51.<\/strong> Kapitalizmin do\u011faya y\u00f6nelik tahribat\u0131 her y\u0131l 20 milyon insan\u0131 yurdundan eden \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6\u00e7 nedeni, ancak tek neden de\u011fil. Kapitalist emperyalistlerin Irak ve Afganistan\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi do\u011frudan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel sava\u015flar da g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn temel bir nedeni. Yine nedeni kapitalizmin dengesiz geli\u015fmesi olan sekt\u00f6rler, b\u00f6lgeler ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumlara varan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da b\u00f6lge ve \u00fclkenin gerili\u011fi \u00fclke i\u00e7i ve uluslararas\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7leri ko\u015fulluyor. Nedeni ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131n elveri\u015fsizli\u011fi olan i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7ler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131ca sorumlusu olan geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist emperyalist \u00fclkeler zor kullanmaya varan \u00f6nlemler al\u0131yor. ABD, Meksika ve Latin \u00fclkelerinden gelen g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131ra duvar \u00f6rerek, AB \u00fclkeleri, Avrasya\u2019dan gelen g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirip devriyelerini art\u0131rarak ve deniz yoluyla gelen tekneleri bat\u0131rma ya da batanlar\u0131 kaderine terk etme yoluyla \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. G\u00f6\u00e7menlerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck paralar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkelerde bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ise bir di\u011fer \u00f6nlem. Yine de kapitalist emperyalistler, bir yandan da ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere, \u00f6zellikle vas\u0131fl\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcne kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131yorlar. \u00d6nlemleri a\u015farak g\u00f6\u00e7men olarak bu \u00fclkelere ula\u015fman\u0131n bir yolunu bulan g\u00f6\u00e7men ve m\u00fclteciler de, yine kapitalistlerin ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorlar. Kay\u0131t-d\u0131\u015f\u0131, sigortas\u0131z, sendikas\u0131z ve i\u015f g\u00fcvencesinden yoksun olarak, \u00fccret pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olana\u011f\u0131na sahip olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma dayatmas\u0131yla en k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve ya\u015fayabiliyorlar. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun 1\/3\u2019\u00fcne yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7ocuk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DO\u011eAL SONU\u00c7: EMEK\u00c7\u0130LER\u0130N M\u00dcCADELES\u0130NDE Y\u00dcKSEL\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

52.<\/strong> 2022 d\u00fcnyada i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve ezilen emek\u00e7i halklar\u0131n haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u0131l oldu ve bu hareketlilik 2023\u2019te s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu y\u0131l onlarca \u00fclkede sermaye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri hedef alan y\u00fczlerce grev, g\u00f6steri, direni\u015f ve protesto ya\u015fand\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun nedeni, kapitalizmin a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fen emek\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n zorla\u015fmas\u0131. Politik bask\u0131larla d\u00fczene ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere y\u00f6nelik artan g\u00fcvensizlik de emek\u00e7ilerin hareketlenmesinin nedenleri aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

53.<\/strong> 2022\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda, Kazakistan\u2019da<\/strong> yak\u0131t fiyatlar\u0131 ikiye katlan\u0131nca petrol i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin grevleriyle ba\u015flayan protestolar, di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rlere ve t\u00fcm halka yay\u0131ld\u0131. S\u00fcresiz mitingler ba\u015flarken, polisle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan g\u00f6stericiler Almat\u0131\u2019da kent y\u00f6netim binas\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. Yak\u0131t ve temel g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine d\u00fczenleme getirildi, halka ate\u015f a\u00e7may\u0131 reddeden askerlerin yerini alan \u00f6zel kuvvetlerce \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. OHAL ilan edildi, Rusya, Belerus ve Ermenistan \u201cbar\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00fclkeye asker g\u00f6nderdi ve halk\u0131n Tokayev ve Nazarbayev d\u00f6nemi t\u00fcm yetkililerinin istifas\u0131n\u0131, parti ve sendika kurma hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve bask\u0131lar sona ermesini talep etti\u011fi ayaklanma uzun s\u00fcrmeden bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

54.<\/strong> Mart sonunda elektrik kesintileri, akaryak\u0131t ve temel g\u0131da maddeleri fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fckselmesi \u00fczerine, Sri Lanka\u2019da<\/strong>, \u201cdiktat\u00f6r Gota<\/em>\u201d sloganlar\u0131yla ba\u015fkanl\u0131k saray\u0131 etraf\u0131nda toplanan halk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti istifa ettirdi. S\u00fcreklilik kazanarak ayaklanmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6steriler sonunda devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 da \u00fclkeden ka\u00e7t\u0131. \u00dclkede \u015fimdi eski ba\u015fkan\u0131n ba\u015fkan vekili atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fbakan\u0131 ba\u015fkan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

55.<\/strong> Akaryak\u0131t ve g\u0131da maddeleri fiyatlar\u0131 y\u00fckselince Haziran\u2019da Ekvator\u2019da<\/strong> ba\u015flayan halk\u0131n g\u00f6sterileri ve yerlilerin ba\u015fkente inmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda OHAL ilan edildi. Lasso g\u00f6sterileri \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 darbe giri\u015fimi<\/em>\u201d olarak nitelerken, e\u011fitime ayr\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7enin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, akaryak\u0131t fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 talepleriyle 18 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren 7 ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6steriler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetle g\u00f6stericilerin temsilcilerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek benzin fiyatlar\u0131nda 5%\u2019lik indirim ve di\u011fer hizmetlerin iyile\u015ftirilmesi s\u00f6z\u00fc verilmesiyle sona erdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

56.<\/strong> 2022 Nisan ba\u015f\u0131nda se\u00e7imleri kazanan ve yeni kabineyi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkede OHAL ilan eden Orban, AB\u2019nin deste\u011fini kesti\u011fi, enflasyonun ve faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseldi\u011fi \u00fclkede Temmuz\u2019da vergileri de art\u0131r\u0131nca Macaristan\u2019da<\/strong> g\u00f6steriler ba\u015flad\u0131. Ba\u015fkentin ana meydan\u0131 g\u00f6stericilerin i\u015fgalinde kal\u0131rken ak\u015fama do\u011fru halk\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k polis\u00e7e korundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

57.<\/strong> Frans\u0131z emperyalizminin i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi askeri \u015fefler 2022 Ocak\u2019ta darbeyle Burkina Faso\u2019da<\/strong> iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. Askeri klik yolsuzluklar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc, ekonomik ko\u015fullar daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti ve \u00fclkenin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden \u015feriat\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7etelerin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla halk\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sorunu derinle\u015fti. 29 ve 30 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019deki kitlesel g\u00f6sterilerin ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc bir ba\u015fka askeri klik, yeni bir darbeyle rejimi kurtarmaya y\u00f6neldi. G\u00f6steriler 1 Ekim\u2019de de devam ederken karde\u015f partimiz eskileriyle ayn\u0131 kal\u0131ptan \u00e7\u0131kan yeni darbeciler hakk\u0131nda herhangi bir yan\u0131lsamaya kap\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in halka \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

58.<\/strong> Bir di\u011fer pe\u015f pe\u015fe gelen darbe ve askeri \u015fefler aras\u0131nda hesapla\u015fma Sudan\u2019da<\/strong> ya\u015fan\u0131yor. El Be\u015fir\u2019e y\u00f6nelik halk ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc alan darbe, 2021 Ekim\u2019deki ikinci darbeyle iktidar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 2023 Nisan\u2019\u0131nda ise, darbelerin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ordu \u015fefi Burhan\u2019la el Be\u015fir\u2019in milis \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak kurulan H\u0131zl\u0131 Destek G\u00fc\u00e7leri\u2019nin komutan\u0131 Hamideti aras\u0131nda iktidar\u0131 ve Sudan\u2019\u0131n gelir kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015flayan silahl\u0131 hesapla\u015fma \u00fclkeye yay\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6rg\u00fctl\u00fc halk g\u00fc\u00e7leri, Sudan\u2019da da, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan iki gerici taraftan birini desteklememe \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

59.<\/strong> 2022\u2019de ciddi g\u0131da s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fayan Peru<\/strong>, bir ba\u015fka darbenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi \u00fclke. 2021\u2019de ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilen Castillo, 7 Aral\u0131k\u2019ta parlamentoyu feshederek \u201cola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc acil durum h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurdu<\/em>\u201d ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal ilan etti. Ancak yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok bakan\u0131 istifa ederken, ordu ve polis ortak bildiri yay\u0131nlayarak anayasay\u0131 savunduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Anayasa Mahkemesi ile el ele veren parlamento ise ger\u00e7ek bir darbe yapt\u0131 ve Castillo\u2019yu g\u00f6revden alarak tutuklatt\u0131, yerine yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Boluarte\u2019yi getirdi. Halk g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin yerli ve emperyalist tekellerin soygununa ve Amerikan destekli oligar\u015finin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi darbeye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla sokaklar\u0131 dolduran halk\u0131n polisle \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6steriler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda OHAL ilan edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

60. Brezilya\u2019da<\/strong> 2022 sonbahar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerin ikinci turunda, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n sermaye ve fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fckselen hareketine dayanarak yenilgiye u\u011frat\u0131lan \u00fclkede bir fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck kurma pe\u015findeki Bolsonaro ABD\u2019ye ka\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

61.<\/strong> \u0130ran\u2019da<\/strong> 2022 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcnde ba\u015flayan halk hareketini kad\u0131nlara dayat\u0131lan ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtme sorunu ve Mahsa Amini\u2019nin g\u00f6zalt\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi tetikledi. G\u00f6steriler, b\u00fct\u00fcn eyaletlere yay\u0131larak ayaklanmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u201cDiktat\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00fcm!<\/em>\u201d slogan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepki; \u00fcniversite ve lise \u00f6\u011frenci ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin boykotlar\u0131n\u0131, fabrikalar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i konseyleri kuran i\u015f\u00e7ilerin haftalar s\u00fcren grevlerini kapsad\u0131. Esnaf kepenk, kamyon \u015fof\u00f6rleri kontak kapatt\u0131. Konseyler \u00fcniversitelerde de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Halk hareketi, kapitalist ekonominin t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131yla rejimin yoksullu\u011fu ve sosyal u\u00e7urumu derinle\u015ftiren ekonomi politikalar\u0131 ve zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcksek oranl\u0131 i\u015fsizlik, artan g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131, neoliberal reformlar ve doru\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan yolsuzluklara y\u00f6nelik tepkiler \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi. \u0130ran rejimi, \u201colaylar\u0131n<\/em>\u201d, \u201cABD ve Siyonizmin finanse etti\u011fi hainler taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d, \u015eah taraftarlar\u0131nca y\u00f6nlendirildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Fazla gecikmeden tutuklamalar, g\u00f6stericilere y\u00f6nelik ate\u015f a\u00e7malar ve idamlarla sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

62. Hindistan\u2019da<\/strong>, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, asgari \u00fccretleri vb. d\u00fczenleyen yasalarda kapitalistler lehine yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklere kar\u015f\u0131 28-29 Mart 2022\u2019de 200 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i, iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck protesto grevine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir\u00e7ok eyalet h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc uzatarak, i\u015f yasalar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ya da ask\u0131ya al\u0131rken baz\u0131 eyalet h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yayg\u0131n protestolar\u0131 sonucu bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri durdurmak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sosyal g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve keyfi i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin genellikle ba\u015f vurduklar\u0131, uyar\u0131 grevleri, kuzey do\u011fulu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gibi organize g\u00f6\u00e7 ya da Bengaluru\u2019daki kad\u0131n haz\u0131r giyim sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gibi a\u00e7\u0131k isyan oldu. Kamu kre\u015flerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler ve sosyal g\u00fcvencesiz kad\u0131n kamu sa\u011fl\u0131k emek\u00e7ileri ise \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcler ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 grev ve eylemler yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temel Bir De\u011fi\u015fken: Metropollerde Y\u00fckselen \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Hareketi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

63.<\/strong> Enflasyonun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bar\u0131nma, \u0131s\u0131nma, ula\u015f\u0131m giderleriyle enerji ve temel t\u00fcketim maddeleri fiyatlar\u0131 artarken ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretlerin d\u00fc\u015fmesi, uzun y\u0131llar greve ve soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131 da kapsayarak, metropollerde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 hareketlendirdi. Kamu ve \u00f6zel i\u015fyerlerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve m\u00fccadele e\u011filimi geli\u015fti ve t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde, daha y\u00fcksek \u00fccret ve daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 talepleri y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler taleplerini patronlara giderek daha da \u00e7ok eylemlerle, grevler ve g\u00f6sterilerle kabul ettirmeye y\u00f6neldi. Bu, farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeyleri ve ritmi olan bir e\u011filim, ancak t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erli. S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi ve birlikte m\u00fccadele ettiklerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00fcc\u00fc ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi kendini giderek daha fazla dayatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

64. Almanya\u2019da<\/strong> bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde somut taleplerle ve eskisinden daha ileri giden, eylem ve grevler geli\u015fti. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda kazanmak i\u00e7in daha fazla kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve m\u00fccadeleye kat\u0131lanlara genel bir destek duygusu vard\u0131: sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim, toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015f\u00e7ileri bunu deneyimleyebildi ve ne h\u00fck\u00fcmet ne de patronlar di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rleri grevcilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karamad\u0131. Reformist sendika liderleri bu durumu dikkate almak zorunda kald\u0131. Daha radikal bir demagojiye ve hatta grevleri uzatmaya zorland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Patronlar, sendika liderleri ve koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, resmi enflasyonun alt\u0131nda bir \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla grevleri durdurmak i\u00e7in bir uzla\u015fmaya vard\u0131. Ancak m\u00fccadelede birle\u015fen i\u015f\u00e7iler g\u00fc\u00e7lerine daha fazla g\u00fcven duymaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunu ba\u015fka m\u00fccadeleler izleyecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

65. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de<\/strong> 30 y\u0131ll\u0131k aran\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 2022 yaz\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda demiryolu greviyle ba\u015flayan grevler, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinde yeni bir d\u00f6nemi i\u015faret edip \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015fkolunu kapsayarak, Liverpool dok, Dover liman i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve stajyer doktorlar\u0131nki gibi uzun s\u00fcreli olanlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda esas olarak ayda birka\u00e7 kez tekrarlanan bir ya da iki\u015fer g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u201cuyar\u0131 grevleri<\/em>\u201d niteli\u011fiyle y\u0131l boyunca devam etti. 2023\u2019te yine k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli grevlerin birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n zamanda\u015f k\u0131l\u0131narak etkisinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanarak, s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00dccretlerin y\u00fckseltilmesi, i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011funun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kontrat yenilemesine son verilmesi grevci i\u015f\u00e7ilerin temel talepleri. H\u00fck\u00fcmet \u201cenflasyonu azd\u0131raca\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle kamu i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin taleplerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaya yana\u015fmad\u0131, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re de y\u00fcksek \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bask\u0131 yapt. Ancak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin tepkisi, sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin, sendikan\u0131n uzun s\u00fcren grevin ard\u0131ndan uzla\u015farak imzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 onaylamayarak greve devam etmesi \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi, s\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haziran-Aral\u0131k 2022 d\u00f6neminde grevde i\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc kayb\u0131 toplam\u0131 2 milyon 472 bin g\u00fcnle 1989\u2019dan bu yana en y\u00fcksek seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcn\u00fc kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 79\u2019u ula\u015f\u0131m, depolama, bilgi ve ileti\u015fim sekt\u00f6rlerinde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

66. \u0130talya\u2019da<\/strong> b\u00fcy\u00fck sermayenin hizmetindeki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmet, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na, yoksullara ve g\u00f6\u00e7menlere kar\u015f\u0131 ac\u0131mas\u0131z bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 daha da liberalle\u015ftirildi ve g\u00fcvencesizle\u015ftirildi, sosyal yard\u0131mlar durduruldu, asgari \u00fccret g\u00fcndemden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel koruma kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ko\u015fullarda daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, \u00fccretlerin y\u00fckseltilmesi ve i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele geli\u015fiyor: Stellantis ve Arcelor Mittal fabrikalar\u0131nda, lojistik, ula\u015f\u0131m, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve bak\u0131m sekt\u00f6rlerinde, GKN i\u015f\u00e7i kolektifinin y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccadeleler \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

67. Norve\u00e7\u2019te<\/strong> burjuvazi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck tekeller, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek gaz fiyatlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u201csava\u015f vurguncusu<\/em>\u201d konumunda. Buna ra\u011fmen i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ger\u00e7ek gelirleri son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda azald\u0131. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde 25.000 i\u015f\u00e7inin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck eylemin ard\u0131ndan, Nisan ay\u0131nda sendika konfederasyonunun reformist liderli\u011fi, sadece bir az\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7in enflasyonu telafi eden bir \u00fccret uzla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fczakere etti. Bununla birlikte, i\u015f\u00e7iler ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yeteneklerini tecr\u00fcbe ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

68. \u0130spanya\u2019da<\/strong> enflasyon %7.5, i\u015fsizlik %13.1, gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusta i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 %29.26 ve halk\u0131n %28\u2019i yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yor. Kamu sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemini destekleme amac\u0131yla yerel inisiyatifler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcz binlerce ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6steri d\u00fczenlendi. Sendikalarla \u00e7ok az ili\u015fkili olan i\u015f\u00e7i kesimleri (temizlik, pansiyonlar… ) m\u00fccadeleye at\u0131ld\u0131 ve m\u00fccadelelerini koordine etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi plan\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 muhalefetin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ihtiyac\u0131 g\u00fcndemde. Son yerel ve genel se\u00e7imlerle birlikte siyasi panorama istikrars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

69.<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck tekellerin k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu Danimarka\u2019da<\/strong>, ulusal toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bu kez ger\u00e7ek bir \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 beklentisi y\u00fcksekti. Ancak, sendika liderleri patronlarla \u00e7ok az bir ger\u00e7ek art\u0131\u015fta anla\u015ft\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n kolektif m\u00fccadele g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederek daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 elde etmeyi yerel m\u00fczakerelere b\u0131rakt\u0131. Patronlar reddettik\u00e7e, baz\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler daha y\u00fcksek \u00fccretler i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleyi kendi ellerine almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6zellikle g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201csosyal damping<\/em>\u201d sorunu, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin m\u00fccadele ettikleri ve i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdikleri \u00f6nemli bir konu. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, sava\u015f b\u00fct\u00e7esini finanse etmek i\u00e7in bir tatil g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme karar\u0131 ald\u0131 ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6steri ve protestoya neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

70. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de<\/strong> cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve parlamento se\u00e7imleri politik duruma damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu. Bu d\u00f6nem, ayn\u0131 zamanda 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk d\u00f6rt ay\u0131nda %100\u2019e ula\u015fan y\u00fcksek enflasyon, ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretlerin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve siyasi yasaklar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra deprem gibi i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve halk\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu t\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fand\u0131. N\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 60,4\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7l\u0131k, y\u00fczde 87\u2019sinin yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, Merkez Bankas\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n eksi rakamlara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin izleyece\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fsizli\u011fi patlatmas\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, iktidar partisinin kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yasaklarla sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerden sonra benzer sorunlar g\u00fcndemde. \u00dclkede ola\u011fan siyasi ko\u015fullar bulunmuyor, bir yandan fa\u015fist bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fck in\u015fas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ad\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131yor, di\u011fer yandan ise hen\u00fcz birle\u015fip merkezile\u015fme e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermese bile h\u00fck\u00fcmet kuvvetlerinin m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi sert ge\u00e7en fiili i\u015f\u00e7i grev ve direni\u015fleri yay\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

71. Fransa: “64 y\u0131la hay\u0131r”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emeklilik sistemi \u201creformu<\/em>\u201dna kar\u015f\u0131 Ocak 2023\u2019te ba\u015flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6steri (1 May\u0131s dahil 13 g\u00f6steri) ve grev hareketi milyonlarca i\u015f\u00e7iyi, genci, kad\u0131n\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irdi. Hareket somut bir talep etraf\u0131nda birle\u015fti: \u201c64\u2019e hay\u0131r<\/em>\u201d, ana sendikalar, gen\u00e7lik \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin geni\u015f bir koalisyonu, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli dernekler ve sol siyasi partilerce desteklendi. Bu hareket, ayn\u0131 zamanda, i\u015f\u00e7i ve halk kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u201creformlara<\/em>\u201d kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nceki hareketlerin bir devam\u0131 ve 2019\u2019da ba\u015flayan daha y\u00fcksek \u00fccretler i\u00e7in grev dalgas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu kar\u015f\u0131 reform, \u201c\u00e7ok fazla, \u00e7ok fazla<\/em>\u201d, \u201cbu sefer hay\u0131r<\/em>\u201d duygular\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u201cS\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye hay\u0131r, mezara kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya hay\u0131r<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hareketin, bir araya getirildi\u011finde, \u201cvazge\u00e7miyoruz<\/em>\u201d slogan\u0131yla ifadesini bulan g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fc var. Bu m\u00fccadelenin \u00f6n saf\u0131nda, t\u00fcm kentlerde, \u00fclkenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki \u00fcretim merkezlerinde harekete kat\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 var… \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve kitlelerin geni\u015f kesimlerini kendine \u00e7ekti ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetin dayatmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin %90\u2019\u0131 bu reforma kar\u015f\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu kitleler taraf\u0131ndan tamamen bilinmeyen anayasan\u0131n t\u00fcm hileleri, provokasyonlar ve polis bask\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131larak bu reformun dayat\u0131lma bi\u00e7imi, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve gen\u00e7lerin kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nemli sekt\u00f6rlerde s\u00fcrekli grevler olsa bile hareket ekonomiyi bloke etmedi. Oysa, ekonominin bloke edilmesi, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin geri ad\u0131m atmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00fc\u00e7 dengesinin \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r\u00fc. Bu, bug\u00fcn pek \u00e7ok i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel duygu, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve somut talepler etraf\u0131nda birle\u015fme kapasitesini g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi mutluluk. Payla\u015facak ve tart\u0131\u015facak pek \u00e7ok ders var ve \u00fcstesinden gelinecek as\u0131l engelin b\u00fct\u00fcn bir sistem, kapitalist emperyalist sistem oldu\u011fu bilinci geli\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu hareket uluslararas\u0131 alanda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sempatiyle izlendi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri, militanlar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irdi ve onlar\u0131 sermaye ve sistemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u201cevet, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin m\u00fccadele etmesi, birle\u015fmesi, inisiyatif almas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr<\/em>\u201d fikriyle cesaretlendirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

72. <\/strong>Burjuvazi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin Pandemi politikas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve halk\u0131 yoksulla\u015ft\u0131ran vahim sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, y\u00fckselen enflasyon ve Ukrayna\u2019daki sava\u015f\u0131n muazzam maliyetleri, Avrupa\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin farkl\u0131 d\u00fczeylerde, ancak ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde ve benzer taleplerle uyanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7iler ve halk, kapitalistler ve devletlerinin s\u00fcren sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131nda. M\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bilinci geli\u015fti ve \u00f6zg\u00fcvenleri artt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sermayenin artan sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve sistemin i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve halk kitlelerinin talepleriyle umutlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamada h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen yetersizli\u011fi nedeniyle, m\u00fccadele, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemde daha da geli\u015fip yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 beklenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilinci geli\u015ftirmek, reformist ve oport\u00fcnistler taraf\u0131ndan te\u015fvik edilen reformizmin etkisiyle m\u00fccadele etmek, yol g\u00f6stermek, birli\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve m\u00fccadeleyi t\u00fcm sermaye sistemine kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmek bizim y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

73. ABD<\/strong> i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 da birka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r hareketli ve bu giderek art\u0131yor. ABD \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2022\u2019de ABD\u2019deki grevci i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re 50% art\u0131\u015fla 120 binden fazla olarak veriyor. \u201cilr.cornell.edu<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 emek eylemlerini izleme\/ara\u015ft\u0131rma sitesinin 2022 Raporu ise, ABD\u2019de 224 bin i\u015f\u00e7inin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 117 grev ve 4.447.588 grev g\u00fcn\u00fc bildiriyor. Buna g\u00f6re, 2022\u2019de, \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re grev say\u0131s\u0131 52% ve grevci i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 60% artt\u0131. En \u00e7ok grev (toplam\u0131n 1\/3\u2019inden \u00e7o\u011fu) Starbucks gibi konaklama ve yiyecek hizmetleri sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Grevcilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu (60%\u2019\u0131) e\u011fitim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde. Grevlerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc (32%\u2019si) sendikas\u0131z i\u015fyerlerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Grevci i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6ncelikle \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 talep ederken, di\u011fer talepleri sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi, birka\u00e7 ki\u015finin i\u015finin bir ki\u015fiye yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na son verilmesi olarak s\u0131raland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2023\u2019teki grevlerde ise, uzun s\u00fcreli bir grev \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ileriyle e\u011fitim i\u015fkolunda \u00f6zellikle \u00fcniversiteler \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor; UPS Kargo i\u015f\u00e7ilerinden Hollywood yazar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na, Caterpillar i\u015f\u00e7ilerinden Starbucks \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na, ta\u015f\u0131ma ve maden i\u015f\u00e7ilerinden e\u011fitimcilere kadar farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde ya grev \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyor ya da i\u015f\u00e7ilerin grev e\u011filimi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc. Otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ocak ba\u015f\u0131yla Nisan sonu aras\u0131nda 138 i\u015fyerinde grev ve direni\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcnden 99 i\u015f\u00e7i eylemi oldu. Bunlar Starbucks, hastaneler, medya, ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k, \u00fcniversiteler ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli kollar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

74. \u00c7in\u2019de<\/strong> resmi \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Federasyonu\u2019nun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve grev yasak. Buna ra\u011fmen zor ko\u015fullarda olu\u015fturulan i\u015f\u00e7i komiteleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla grevler d\u00fczenlenmiyor de\u011fil. Son \u00f6rnek, bu y\u0131l 20 Nisan\u2019da ba\u015flayarak bir hafta s\u00fcren \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u0131da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m platformlar\u0131ndan Meituan\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mc\u0131 kuryelerin k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlere kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenledi\u011fi grevdi. Guangdong eyaletinin Shanwei ve birka\u00e7 kentinde daha y\u00fczlerce kurye i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/a>[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2022 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131ndaki daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00f6rnek ise, Apple\u2019\u0131n ana ta\u015feronu Tayvan firmas\u0131 Foxconn\u2019un Zhengzhou kentinde \u201cApple City<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan \u00fcretim tesislerindeki direni\u015fti. Kentteki i\u015fletmede 200 binden fazla i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 bin \u0130Phone \u00fcretiliyor. Direni\u015ften bir ay \u00f6nce tesislerden \u00a330.9 milyarl\u0131k ihracat ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Pandemi \u00f6nlemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilerle birle\u015fen i\u015fletmedeki direni\u015f, eski covidli i\u015f\u00e7ilerle ayn\u0131 mekanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ve yatmaya zorlanan ve s\u00f6z verilen ek \u00f6demelerini alamayan yeni i\u015f\u00e7ilerin polisle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 da kapsayan protestolar\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p yay\u0131ld\u0131. Direni\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda tesislerdeki \u00fcretim bantlar\u0131n\u0131n 1\/3\u2019\u00fc durdu. \u00c7in y\u00f6netimi bunun \u00fczerine emekli askeri personeli \u201c\u00fcretime yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaya<\/em>\u201d \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00d6REVLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

75.<\/strong><\/a> D\u00fcnyada belli ba\u015fl\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin keskinle\u015ferek; emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelenin giderek sertle\u015fti\u011fi, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde emperyalizm ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerinin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerle halklar\u0131n, geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeyse burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelesinin y\u00fckselmekte oldu\u011fu ko\u015fullarda kom\u00fcnistlerin g\u00f6revleri tart\u0131\u015fmaya yer b\u0131rakmayacak kadar net.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidar\u0131 almaya g\u00fc\u00e7 yetirebilece\u011fi \u00fclkelerde do\u011frudan proletaryan\u0131n, di\u011ferlerinde proletaryan\u0131n da i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu halk\u0131n demokratik diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kurmay\u0131 hedefleyerek, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde iktidar i\u00e7in politik m\u00fccadeleyi \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek temel g\u00f6revimizdir. Partilerimizin bug\u00fcnden yar\u0131na iktidar\u0131 alacak durumda olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bunun i\u00e7in nesnel ve \u00f6znel ko\u015fullar\u0131n yeterince olgun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz biliyoruz; ancak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde, ko\u015fullar\u0131 olgunla\u015fmakta olan yeni bir devrimler d\u00f6neminin oldu\u011fu da bir ger\u00e7ek. B\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6revlerimizi iktidar\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi perspektifiyle ele almal\u0131, ad\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 buna uygun atmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ba\u015fta enflasyon ve hayat pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ekonomik alanda olup bitenler ve bunun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendili\u011finden i\u015f\u00e7i ve halk hareketinin kabarma e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermesi, \u00f6zellikle ekonomik ajitasyon ve te\u015fhir faaliyetimizi geli\u015ftirmemizi ertelenemez bir g\u00f6rev k\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu g\u00f6rev yak\u0131c\u0131 bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ihmal edemeyiz ve ekonomik te\u015fhiri uygun bi\u00e7imde politik te\u015fhirle birle\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015farmal\u0131y\u0131z. \u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn nedenlerini, kaynaklar\u0131n nereye ak\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ya\u011fma ve talan\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ve kapitalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve devam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcstlendi\u011fi rol\u00fc g\u00f6stermemiz acil g\u00f6revimizdir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler ho\u015fnutsuz, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve ikna edici, profesyonelce y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclecek ajitasyon ve te\u015fhire a\u00e7\u0131k. Bu g\u00f6revimizi hakk\u0131yla yerine getirebilirsek, i\u015f\u00e7i ve halk hareketinin y\u00fckseli\u015fine ve hedefini do\u011frultmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunabilece\u011fimiz gibi, i\u015f\u00e7i ve halk hareketinin geli\u015fmesi s\u00fcrecinde partilerimizi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirip kitleselle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0130\u015f\u00e7i emek\u00e7ilerin bilincinin g\u00f6rece geri oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ek. Kendilerini k\u0131skaca alan sorunlar hakk\u0131nda bilgilenmeye olan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131ysa giderek h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. Avrupa ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerdeki hareketlenmeyle ilgili \u00f6rnekler bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi i\u015faret ediyor. \u00d6te yandan fa\u015fist hareketler de g\u00fc\u00e7leniyor ve taleplerini istismar ederek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitleleri pe\u015flerine takabildiklerine ili\u015fkin tarihsel \u00f6rnekleri biliyoruz. Bu bo\u015flu\u011fun gerici, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 ve fa\u015fist g\u00fc\u00e7ler ya da yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 reformist ve revizyonistlerce doldurulmas\u0131na izin veremeyiz. S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n acil talepleriyle sosyalizm propagandas\u0131n\u0131 ustal\u0131kla birle\u015ftirmeyi ba\u015farmak, devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin kitleselle\u015fmesinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ihtiyac\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yaln\u0131zca ajitasyon ve te\u015fhir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fil, propaganda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131 da y\u00fckseltmenin tam zaman\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcstelik bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z\u0131n niteli\u011fini de y\u00fckseltmeli ve propagandam\u0131zda yeni teknolojileri profesyonelce kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z. M\u00fccadelenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u00e7e\u015fitli konularda somut ve ufuk a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 propaganda bro\u015f\u00fcrlerimizin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmal\u0131, bunlar\u0131 olanakl\u0131 t\u00fcm medya ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajitasyon propaganda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda sosyal medya gibi yeni ara\u00e7lar\u0131 mutlaka kullanal\u0131m; ancak yeni ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanman\u0131n \u00f6nemi, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131nda emek\u00e7ilerle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze ili\u015fki kurdu\u011fumuz gazete, bildiri, bro\u015f\u00fcr gibi kullanageldi\u011fimiz bilindik ara\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6nemsizle\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez, \u00f6nemlerini bilerek bu ara\u00e7lar\u0131 yayg\u0131n olarak kullanmay\u0131 aksatmamal\u0131, ajitasyon ve propagandam\u0131zda uluslararas\u0131 konferans\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve \u00f6nemini mutlaka vurgulamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Geli\u015fmeler, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ileri ikna edecek bir d\u00fczeye ilerlemeleri i\u00e7in kadrolar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n e\u011fitiminin yak\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor. Bunun i\u00e7in h\u0131zla \u00f6zel e\u011fitim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeliyiz. Ekonomi politik ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, devlet, sava\u015f, d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni, ekolojik kriz, kimlik siyaseti, teknolojik yenilenmeler vb. konularda \u00fcyelerimizi ve \u00e7eperimizi h\u0131zla e\u011fitmeli, di\u011fer g\u00f6revlerimizi ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fctebilmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu g\u00f6revimizi kesinlikle ihmal etmemeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Proletaryan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131ca m\u00fccadelesi durumundaki ekonomik, politik ve ideolojik\/teorik m\u00fccadelesine m\u00fcmk\u00fcn en ileri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131da bulunmak partilerimizin temel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Grev ve g\u00f6sterilere kat\u0131l\u0131p \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer almaya, sendika b\u00fcrokrasisinin etkisini k\u0131rarak sendikal m\u00fccadeleyi ilerletmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ve sosyalizm ve anti emperyalist demokratik m\u00fccadeleyle, iktidar m\u00fccadelesiyle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmak durumunday\u0131z. Teorik\/ideolojik m\u00fccadeleyi de yine en ba\u015fta politik m\u00fccadelenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zeterek \u00fcstlenmeli ve t\u00fcm \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin h\u0131zla keskinle\u015fmekte oldu\u011fu d\u00fcnyam\u0131zda mevcut yetersizlik ve sorunlar\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirerek, Konferans\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ideolojik birli\u011fini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131y\u0131z. \u00dcyelerimizle \u00e7eperimizin e\u011fitimin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fbirli\u011fini savunarak i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin kafalar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelen sosyal demokrasiyle, \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrden reformist, revizyonist, oport\u00fcnist, Tro\u00e7kist teori ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerle oldu\u011fu kadar do\u011frudan burjuvazinin ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ufuk daralt\u0131c\u0131 bencillik, kariyer d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve burjuvazi ve kapitalizm yanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00fczen savunuculu\u011fuyla m\u00fccadeleyi ba\u015far\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcp bu ak\u0131mlar\u0131n maskesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek ger\u00e7ek niteliklerin g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak temel bir g\u00f6revimizdir. \u00d6\u011fretilerini \u00e7arp\u0131tarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye ve ge\u00e7ersizle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan burjuvazi ve her t\u00fcrden sapk\u0131n ak\u0131mla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde savunarak Marksizm-Leninizmi ve partilerimizi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Kapitalist d\u00fcnyadaki geli\u015fmeler ve burjuvazinin i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilere dayatt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, kitleler de durumlar\u0131ndan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan memnun de\u011fil. Nesnel ko\u015fullar onlar\u0131 kendilerine dayat\u0131lan y\u00fckler ve zorluklara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmeye y\u00f6neltiyor. Kapitalizmin olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla burjuva gericili\u011fin sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tepkisiz kalm\u0131yorlar, hatta belirli \u00fclkelerde alt s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda belirli aray\u0131\u015flar da s\u00f6z konusu; ancak nesnel ko\u015fullar\u0131n m\u00fccadeleye sevk edicili\u011fiyle z\u0131tl\u0131k i\u00e7inde yeterli bilin\u00e7 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe sahip de\u011filler. Y\u00fcz y\u00fcze olduklar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n nas\u0131l a\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcncel ve gelecek kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l giderilebilece\u011fi konusunda kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7indeler, \u00fcstelik m\u00fccadele \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinden yoksunlar. \u00d6te yandan, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki m\u00fccadelenin daha ileri m\u00fccadelelerin dayana\u011f\u0131 olabilmesi, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin eylemlerinin ba\u015far\u0131yla ilerlemesi ve kazan\u0131mlar elde etmesi, sermayenin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki pervas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclerek emek ile sermaye aras\u0131nda yeni bir g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin olu\u015fmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bu ama\u00e7la ba\u015fta sendikalar olmak \u00fczere geni\u015f birlik ve ittifaklar\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermeliyiz. Mevcut sendikal hareketlerin, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin tabandan gelen bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hissetmemeleri ve d\u00fcnyadaki geli\u015fmeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nceki pozisyonlar\u0131nda kalamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131nda olmamalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Ancak pozisyon de\u011fi\u015ftirme zorunlulu\u011funu g\u00f6rmekle birlikte s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ili\u011fini meslek edinmi\u015f sendika b\u00fcrokrasisi, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim taleplerini \u00f6nceleyen bir taktikle denetiminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir sendikal m\u00fccadele ve \u00e7izginin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleme \u00e7abas\u0131nda ve bu \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecektir. Sendika b\u00fcrokrasisiyle m\u00fccadelemizi tatil edemeyiz, tersine eskisinden \u00e7ok \u00f6nem vermeli, ama bi\u00e7imini yenilemeye de haz\u0131r olmal\u0131y\u0131z. Sendikal ittifaklar\u0131 te\u015fvik etmemizin bizi yeni risklerle y\u00fczle\u015ftirece\u011fini bilmeliyiz; ancak bunun yarataca\u011f\u0131 yeni olanaklar hareketi ve bu hareket i\u00e7inde partilerimizi ilerletici olacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde egemen gerici burjuvazinin politik ya\u015fam\u0131 gericile\u015ftirmeye ve halklara fa\u015fizmi dayatmaya y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele giderek \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor, iktidar m\u00fccadelesiyle ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurmam\u0131z gereken demokratik i\u00e7erikli bu m\u00fccadele i\u00e7inde saflar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p kitleselle\u015fme olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeliyiz. Bu ama\u00e7la anti-emperyalist, anti-fa\u015fist g\u00fc\u00e7lerle birlikte m\u00fccadele etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131namay\u0131z, bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerle do\u011fru perspektifle ele al\u0131n\u0131p ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek g\u00fc\u00e7 birli\u011fi ve ittifaklar burjuvaziye, emperyalizme ve fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fa\u015fizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele, reformizme ve \u201ctoplumsal ilerlemelere<\/em>\u201d bel ba\u011flayan d\u00fczen i\u00e7i politik yakla\u015f\u0131m ve tutumlarla m\u00fccadeleyi \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirmez. Tersine, restorasyonuyla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mevcut kapitalist d\u00fczeni korumay\u0131 esas alan politik e\u011filimler, uzla\u015fma arad\u0131klar\u0131 fa\u015fizmi de besleyip g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve halk hareketi, ancak reformizmle de ba\u015far\u0131yla m\u00fccadele edilerek kitleselle\u015febilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Burjuvazi ve emperyalizmin egemenli\u011fi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda iktidar m\u00fccadelesini esas alan partilerimizin; \u00fclkelerinde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k, siyasal demokrasi ve sosyalizm ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerle halklar\u0131n acil talepleri i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelelerinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011fini garanti edecek siyasal ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel m\u00fccadele platformunun ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeleri \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6revimiz, halk\u0131n egemenli\u011fi i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ve emek\u00e7i halk\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek ve iktidar\u0131 alabilecek g\u00fcc\u00fc biriktirmektir. Bu hedefe ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in, burjuvazi ve emperyalizmin egemenli\u011fini zay\u0131flatmak ve ala\u015fa\u011f\u0131 etme amac\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen ve ezilen halk kitlelerinin talepleri i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelelerini \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeli ve y\u00f6netmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkelerdeyse temel g\u00f6rev, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n emperyalist burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin y\u00fckseltilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 D\u00fcnyada son y\u0131llarda gerici burjuvazinin ekonomik ve politik sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015fine paralel olarak s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin de y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ek. Giderek i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve dolays\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi daha \u00e7ok \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bu ku\u015fkusuz s\u0131n\u0131f partileri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iyi bir geli\u015fme ve hareketlenen i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla birle\u015fmeye ve m\u00fccadelelerine kat\u0131lmaya \u00f6nem vermek ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6revimizdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ancak gerek i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir y\u00fckseli\u015f g\u00f6stermesi, gerek Almanya \u00f6rne\u011findeki t\u00fcrden \u00e7evreci Ye\u015fil parti ve hareketlerin belirli kesimlerinin programlar\u0131n\u0131n tam tersini savunarak uygulamaya y\u00f6nelmeleri, gerekse belirli ulusal hareketlerin emperyalizmle birle\u015fme e\u011filimi g\u00f6stermeleri, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri durumundaki bir dizi kimlik, \u00e7evre, bar\u0131\u015f vb. hareket ve m\u00fccadelelerinin art\u0131k \u00f6nemsizle\u015fti\u011fi ve bunlara s\u0131rt\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00f6nmemiz gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Hala proletaryan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki s\u0131n\u0131f ve tabakalar\u0131n ulusal hak e\u015fitli\u011fi talep eden ulusal hareketleri, kapitalizmin k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131yla tahrip etmekte oldu\u011fu \u00e7evrenin korunup savunulmas\u0131n\u0131 hedef alan hareketler ve emperyalistler aras\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesini talep eden bar\u0131\u015f hareketleri vb. g\u00fcndemde oldu\u011fu kadar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz da. Bunlar, dolays\u0131z bi\u00e7imde emperyalist kapitalizmin olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ili\u015fkili olarak geli\u015fiyor ve ger\u00e7ekte s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir kimlik hareketi olarak kad\u0131n hareketi, \u015f\u00fcphesiz yaln\u0131zca erkek egemenli\u011fi kaynakl\u0131 bask\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fil, kapitalizm-\u00f6ncesi ve kapitalist ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve hak e\u015fitsizli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda geli\u015fiyor. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, gen\u00e7li\u011fin gelece\u011fini gasp eden de kapitalizm ve gen\u00e7lik hareketi kapitalizmin s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131yla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili. Yerli hareketiyle son on y\u0131llar\u0131n giderek daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanan g\u00f6\u00e7men hareketi de ku\u015fkusuz kapitalizm ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla do\u011frudan ilgili ve hem kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc hem de bu m\u00fccadeleyle birle\u015ferek ilerleyebilir. S\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin ve geli\u015fmekte olan i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin alternatifi saymadan ve bu t\u00fcr yakla\u015f\u0131mlarla m\u00fccadele ederek, kimlik, \u00e7evre, bar\u0131\u015f vb. i\u00e7erikli hareketlerin i\u00e7inde ve \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer almak g\u00f6revimizdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Bir emperyaliste dayanarak di\u011feriyle m\u00fccadele edilemez. Ekonomik, mali, siyasal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel\u2026 her alanda emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etmek, gezegenin yeralt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n emperyalistlerce ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131na ve zorbal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak temel bir g\u00f6revimiz. Herhangi bir emperyaliste olumluluklar yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan bu g\u00f6revi s\u0131rtlanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Sava\u015f etkenlerinin ciddi bir y\u00fckseli\u015f i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu ko\u015fullarda bar\u0131\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin \u00f6neminin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada. Ukrayna Sava\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6zellikle Avrupa\u2019da g\u00fcncel hale gelen bar\u0131\u015f m\u00fccadelesi olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131f, \u00e7e\u015fitli etkilere a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ciddi \u00e7eli\u015fkilere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131 ve y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir nedeni i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve partilerimizin \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olarak bu harekete kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bir nedeni Amerikal\u0131, Avrupal\u0131 emperyalistler ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin kendi sald\u0131rganl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rten propagandalar\u0131, bir di\u011feriyse yaln\u0131zca ABD ve NATO\u2019yu sald\u0131rgan sayan revizyonistlerle bu sald\u0131rganl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dayanacak g\u00fc\u00e7 arayarak, \u201chalklar\u0131n dostu<\/em>\u201d maskesi takan Rusya ve \u00c7in emperyalizmini olumlayan oport\u00fcnistlerin etkisi. Bar\u0131\u015f m\u00fccadelesi bir \u201cAmerikan bar\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/em>\u201dn\u0131 ya da yaln\u0131zca ABD ve m\u00fcttefikleriyle NATO\u2019yu hedef alan t\u00fcrden bir \u201cbar\u0131\u015f<\/em>\u201d\u0131 de\u011fil, t\u00fcm emperyalistleri ve aralar\u0131ndaki \u00e7eki\u015fmeyle birlikte emperyalizmi hedef ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ad\u0131na lay\u0131k olabilir. Ancak bunu s\u00f6ylemekle yetinemeyiz; bar\u0131\u015f hareketinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde yer almal\u0131 ve y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011fru tayin etmesi i\u00e7in \u00fczerimize d\u00fc\u015fen rol\u00fc oynamal\u0131y\u0131z. \u201cYa devrim sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek ya sava\u015f devrime yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r<\/em>\u201d \u2013stratejik slogan\u0131m\u0131z budur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giderek silah \u015fak\u0131rt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve istisnas\u0131z t\u00fcm emperyalistlerle burjuva gericiliklerinin di\u015flerinden t\u0131rnaklar\u0131na kadar silahland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ne Rus ve \u00c7in emperyalizmini \u015firinle\u015ftirmeye ne de bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l hayallere yer var! En son Hiro\u015fima ve Nagazaki\u2019ye at\u0131lan iki atom bombas\u0131 ve Japonya\u2019n\u0131n teslim olmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanan II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bitti\u011fi tarihten ba\u015flayarak yeni bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcndemdedir. Kru\u015f\u00e7ev\u2019in atom silahlar\u0131yla olu\u015fan \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7 dengesi<\/em>\u201dnin sava\u015f ihtimalini \u00f6nledi\u011fi \u015feklindeki revizyonist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de, en son Fukuyama\u2019n\u0131n \u201ctarihin sonu<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilen ve \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015fme<\/em>\u201d savunucular\u0131n\u0131n \u201cbar\u0131\u015f ve refah \u00e7a\u011f\u0131<\/em>\u201dna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\/ula\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erikli iddialar\u0131na dayanan uluslararas\u0131 burjuvazi ve emperyalizmin egemenli\u011findeki d\u00fcnyada insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sava\u015flardan kurtuldu\u011fu ya da kurtulabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi de hem teori ve hem de sosyal pratik\u00e7e yalanlanan bir hayalciliktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emperyalizm a\u015famas\u0131nda etkisi artan kapitalizmin sekt\u00f6rler, b\u00f6lgeler ve \u00fclkeler d\u00fczeyinde e\u015fitsiz ve s\u0131\u00e7ramal\u0131 geli\u015fme yasas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkileri de\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7e\u015fitli emperyalist odaklar taraf\u0131ndan yeniden payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7ten ba\u015fka bir arac\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131, teorik olarak, yeni bir d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faret eder. Pratikte de emperyalistler aras\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik m\u00fccadele sertle\u015fti\u011fine, bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc sonu gelmeyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6lgesel sava\u015flar s\u00fcrerken daha b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin patlak verdi\u011fine, son \u00f6rneklerden biri olan Ukrayna\u2019da Rusya ile NATO\u2019nun kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldi\u011fine ve silahlanma yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetlendi\u011fine tan\u0131k oluyoruz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131 yeni bir b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015f\u0131n alevleri i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekecek bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 ihtimali her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp ciddile\u015fiyor. Hayallerle oyalanmadan sava\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f hareketinin geli\u015ftirilmesine omuz vermeli ve d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131 yeni bir sava\u015f tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131 uyararak, e\u011fer her \u015feye ra\u011fmen \u00f6nlenemezse, yeni bir sava\u015f\u0131 yeni devrimlerin mayas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 T\u00fcm g\u00f6revlerimizi, kendimizi \u00fclkelerimizle s\u0131n\u0131rlanmadan ve enternasyonal g\u00f6revlerimizi ihmal etmeden \u00fcstlenmek durumunday\u0131z. Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6revlerimizi yerine getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken partilerimizi sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi, s\u0131n\u0131f ve halk d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131za kar\u015f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 birlik ve dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n daha ileri mevzilere ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 ve Konferans\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yeni karde\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fczerimize d\u00fc\u015fenleri yapmal\u0131, CIPOML\u2019nin pozisyonunu her \u00fclkede g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmal\u0131, Konferans\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yay\u0131n organ\u0131 Birlik ve M\u00fccadele\u2019yi olanakl\u0131 olan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde da\u011f\u0131tmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aral\u0131k 2023<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ve ticaretle ilgili veriler, ABD Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yabanc\u0131 Tar\u0131msal Servis\u2019inden (United States Department of Agriculture) al\u0131nmad\u0131r. Bkz: https:\/\/apps.fas.usda.gov\/psdonline\/circulars\/grain.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/country-list\/government-debt-to-gdp<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iif.com\/Products\/Global-Debt-Monitor<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.global-rates.com\/en\/interest-rates\/central-banks\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> Enflasyon ve fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131na ili\u015fkin rakamlar \u201cTrading Economics<\/em>\u201dten al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: https:\/\/tradingeconomics.com\/united-kingdom\/indicators<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/sup><\/a> Trading Economics, Kaynak: FAO<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> Bkz. Statista<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/sup><\/a> Kaynak: Factset<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/sup><\/a> bkz. twitter.com\/@chuangcn<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Son Konferans\u0131m\u0131zdan bu yana d\u00fcnya ekonomisi, ba\u015fta g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere y\u00fcksek enflasyon oranlar\u0131, sanayi ve tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ile ticaret hacmi art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f gibi ekonominin genel b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatan ciddi sorunlarla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze kald\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek gibi mali sorunlarla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in denedikleri baz\u0131 \u00f6nlemler mevcut sorunlar\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131p derinle\u015ftirir ve yenilerini […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":333,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1060","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-2023-meksika"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1060","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1060"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1060\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1061,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1060\/revisions\/1061"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}