{"id":310,"date":"2017-03-19T14:00:23","date_gmt":"2017-03-19T11:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/?p=310"},"modified":"2017-05-06T12:41:54","modified_gmt":"2017-05-06T09:41:54","slug":"kapitalizm-isci-sinifi-ve-komunizm-icin-mucadele-uluslararasi-olatform-2016","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/kapitalizm-isci-sinifi-ve-komunizm-icin-mucadele-uluslararasi-olatform-2016\/","title":{"rendered":"Kapitalizm, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve kom\u00fcnizm i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele (Uluslararas\u0131 platform 2016)"},"content":{"rendered":"

I) KAP\u0130TAL\u0130ZM VE \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 SINIFI<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Toplumun s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zamandan bu yana, b\u00fct\u00fcn tarih s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleri tarihidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de, yeni bir d\u00fcnya, yeni bir toplum ancak ve yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin zafere ula\u015fmas\u0131yla kurulacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, bu eylemiyle sadece kendisini de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn ezilenleri ve t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da kurtaracakt\u0131r. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z bir toplum kurman\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinden ba\u015fka yolu yoktur. Biz, CIPOML\u2019de bir araya gelen \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerden i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci parti ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, bu temel ger\u00e7e\u011fe dayanarak ve bu amac\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere m\u00fccadele ediyoruz.<\/p>\n

2. Kapitalizm, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015felerine kadar yay\u0131l\u0131r ve bir d\u00fcnya sistemi olurken; i\u015f\u00e7ileri, milliyet etnik, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, cinsiyet ve din fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetmeksizin ve t\u00fcm ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015farak birle\u015fmeye zorlayan ko\u015ful ve etkenler de geli\u015fir. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve m\u00fccadeleleri birbirine daha \u00e7ok ba\u011fl\u0131 hale gelir ve proleter enternasyonalizmi de bu nesnel temeller \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselir ve geli\u015fir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesi de, ayn\u0131 nihai hedefe y\u00f6nelik uluslararas\u0131 bir hareket \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazanarak ilerler. Do\u011frudan kapitalist toplumun karakteri ve geli\u015fme do\u011frultusu taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen ve toplumsal geli\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin zorunlu bir evresi haline gelen bu nihai hedef; s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n, t\u00fcm bi\u00e7imleriyle bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ili\u015fkilerinin yok olaca\u011f\u0131 kom\u00fcnist toplumun kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc Konferans\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcyesi parti ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlerimiz, d\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 nihai hedefe sahiptirler.<\/p>\n

3. Kapitalist toplum; k\u00e2r amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan ve geni\u015fleyerek kendini yeniden \u00fcreten b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli meta \u00fcretimi \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi. 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flayan kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi; basit el birli\u011finden man\u00fcfakt\u00fcre, Sanayi Devrimiyle basit makinalardan giderek m\u00fckemmelle\u015fen karma\u015f\u0131k makinalar sistemine do\u011fru ilerledi. Bu \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imi; \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ve meta \u00fcretimi ve dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, feodal toplumun ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretimin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131lan bir geli\u015fme d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fmas\u0131, emek\u00e7inin emek ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde geli\u015fti. \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu temelde toplam toplumsal \u00fcretimin b\u00fcy\u00fcyen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, n\u00fcfusun giderek daralan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n (sermaye ve b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahipleri) elinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131rken; en asgari ya\u015fam ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 edinebilmek i\u00e7in i\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerini s\u00fcrekli ya da ge\u00e7ici olarak satmak zorunda kalan ve emekleriyle \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n gelir ve sermayelerini artt\u0131rarak yaratan proleter ve yar\u0131-proleter kitleler b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

4. Kapitalistlerin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahiplerinin \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyeti; i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn meta ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u00fccretli k\u00f6leler haline gelmesinin ve art\u0131-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn temelidir. Bu nedenle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki m\u00fclkiyetinin tasfiye edilmesi ve onlar\u0131n toplumun ortak mal\u0131 haline gelmesi; i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kurtulu\u015funun ko\u015fuludur. Kapitalizm, t\u00fcm geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci boyunca, \u00fcretimi ve eme\u011fi toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131rarak, bu ko\u015fulun maddi temelini haz\u0131rlar ve onu y\u0131kacak olan toplumsal g\u00fcc\u00fc geli\u015ftirir. \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde toplumsal m\u00fclkiyetin kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte, \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri de \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin toplumsal niteli\u011fine uygun hale gelir.<\/p>\n

5. Sanayi devrimiyle birlikte, man\u00fcfakt\u00fcre dayanan sanayici orta s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n yerini egemen s\u0131n\u0131f haline gelen ve ticari sermayeyi sanayi sermayesine tabi k\u0131lan modern sanayi burjuvazisi ald\u0131. Kol g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yerini buhar, emek aletlerinin yerini de giderek karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fan ve m\u00fckemmelle\u015fen makinalar sistemi ald\u0131. Teknik ilerleme h\u0131zlan\u0131rken, \u00fcretim, insan g\u00fcc\u00fcne dayanan ve \u00f6zel yetenekler gerektiren bir etkinlik olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kmaya, i\u015f\u00e7iler de makinalar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Sanayi Devrimi; bir \u00f6nceki toplumsal d\u00fczene \u00f6zg\u00fc ili\u015fkilerin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan ar\u0131nan ve zincirlerinden ba\u015fka kaybedecek hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi olmayan modern sanayi i\u015f\u00e7ilerini yaratt\u0131, tar\u0131mda da kapitalist ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirerek k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. Toplumun burjuvazi ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olmak \u00fczere iki temel s\u0131n\u0131fa b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, \u00f6nceki kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmelerin yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

6. Burjuvazi, yeni pazarlara ve hammadde kaynaklar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, meta dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fccra b\u00f6lgelerine do\u011fru yayd\u0131. Kapitalist d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131n\u0131 yaratarak t\u00fcm \u00fclkeleri kapitalist geli\u015fme ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc \u00e7ark\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekti. Ekonomik \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra zorun en barbar ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerine de ba\u015fvurarak t\u00fcm direni\u015fleri k\u0131rd\u0131, kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi geleneksel toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zd\u00fc. Asya, Afrika ve Amerika k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirerek egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u00fclkelere yay\u0131lan ticaret a\u011f\u0131 ve elde edilen y\u00fcksek k\u00e2rlar, sermaye birikiminin ve burjuva-kapitalist geli\u015fmenin dayanaklar\u0131ndan birisi oldu.<\/p>\n

7. Makinal\u0131 \u00fcretime ge\u00e7i\u015f ve teknik ilerleme; b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcretimin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretim, kapitalist \u00fcretimin kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imleri \u00fczerindeki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. Meta \u00fcretimi ve kapitalist \u00fcretim ko\u015fullar\u0131 bir miktar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeyi yeniden \u00fcretmekle birlikte, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler gerilerken, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmeler geli\u015ferek yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imleri ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 tasfiye olurken, kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ferek toplumsal hayat\u0131n t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131na daha \u00e7ok n\u00fcfuz eder ve onu bu temelde yeniden \u015fekillendirir. Burjuvazi, zorun her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bi\u00e7imini de kullanarak, alt yap\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00fcst yap\u0131ya da egemen olur. Bu egemenlik, politik planda en \u00f6zl\u00fc ifadesini; devlet iktidar\u0131n\u0131n burjuvazinin elinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131nda ve devletin, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve di\u011fer emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f ve tabakalar \u00fczerinde bir bask\u0131 ve egemenlik arac\u0131 olarak, kapitalist temelde yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde bulur.<\/p>\n

8. Kapitalist geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci ilerledik\u00e7e; sermayenin, ba\u015fta k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck esnaf ve zanaat\u00e7\u0131lar olmak \u00fczere k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletme sahipleri \u00fczerindeki boyunduru\u011fu yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmeler; orta i\u015fletmelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, yeniden \u00fcretimlerinin bir unsuru olma potansiyeline veya \u00f6zelliklerine sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeleri de, dikte ettikleri ko\u015fullarda, kendi yard\u0131mc\u0131 birimleri haline gelmeye zorlar. Ba\u015fta k\u00f6yl\u00fcler olmak \u00fczere, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletme sahiplerinin ancak bir kesimi, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve t\u00fcketimlerini alabildi\u011fine k\u0131sma temelinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilir. Bir kesimi ise k\u00f6lece ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, bunu da ba\u015faramaz ve iflasa s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmekten kurtulamaz. Gelece\u011fe ili\u015fkin g\u00fcvensizlik ara s\u0131n\u0131f ve tabakalar aras\u0131nda da yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r ve derinle\u015fir. T\u00fcm bunlar, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n, m\u00fclk sahibi s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilerden yararlanma, di\u011fer emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f ve tabakalar\u0131 kazanma olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletir.<\/p>\n

9. Teknik ilerleme; bir yandan emek verimlili\u011finin artmas\u0131na, daha az say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i ile ayn\u0131 miktarda meta \u00fcretilmesine, kapitalistlerin i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne olan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n nispi olarak azalmas\u0131na, di\u011fer yandan da, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk eme\u011fini kullanma olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesine, n\u00fcfusun ya\u015fam ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 edinebilmek i\u00e7in i\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerini satmak zorunda kalan kesiminin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine yol a\u00e7ar. Dalgalanmalar olmakla birlikte, i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne olan talep, arz\u0131n gerisinde kal\u0131r. Toplumun gelecek g\u00fcvencesinden en yoksun, sefaletin, ahlaki \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ve cehaletin girdab\u0131na en \u00e7ok itilen ve ayn\u0131 zamanda kapitalistler i\u00e7in yedek i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc kayna\u011f\u0131 olan i\u015fsizler ordusu b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Eme\u011fin sermayeye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artar ve kapitalist s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc oran\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltme olanaklar\u0131 geni\u015fler.<\/p>\n

10. \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinde olmas\u0131 ve \u00fcretimin, \u015fiddetlenen rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ve k\u00e2r amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lmas\u0131; \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin, ekonominin farkl\u0131 kollar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi bozacak tarzda, plans\u0131zl\u0131k ve anar\u015fi i\u00e7inde geli\u015fmesine, \u00fcretimin ve pazarlar\u0131n uyumlu bir bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fcmemesine yol a\u00e7ar. Kapitalist geli\u015fme s\u00fcreci, temeli a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcretim olan krizler ve durgunluk d\u00f6nemleriyle kesintiye u\u011frayan ve dengesiz ilerleyen bir \u00f6zellik kazan\u0131r. Ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde u\u00e7 veren ve s\u00fcresi de\u011fi\u015fen periyotlarla g\u00fcndeme gelen krizler; kapitalist geli\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz evreleri, toplumsalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u00fcretim ile kapitalist mal edinme aras\u0131ndaki temel \u00e7eli\u015fmenin doru\u011fu, patlamayla d\u0131\u015fa vurumudur. Kriz ve durgunluk d\u00f6nemleri; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta i\u015fletmeleri y\u0131k\u0131ma do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fckler, b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin bir kesiminin de iflas\u0131na ve di\u011ferleri taraf\u0131ndan yutulmas\u0131na, sermayenin merkezile\u015fmesi ve yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zlanmas\u0131na, i\u015fsizli\u011fin artmas\u0131na, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve di\u011fer emek\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n nispi bazen de mutlak olarak k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

11. En y\u00fcksek k\u00e2r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in burjuvazinin tekni\u011fi geli\u015ftirmesi; devrevi krizlerle kesintiye u\u011frasa da \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesi, emek verimlili\u011fi ve \u00fcretimin art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda devasa bir ilerlemenin yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. Ancak, bu ilerlemenin t\u00fcm nimetlerinden bir avu\u00e7 sermaye ve b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahipleri yararlan\u0131r. Eme\u011fin, verimlili\u011fi y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc de artar. Toplumun maddi ve manevi t\u00fcm ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lama olanaklar\u0131 geni\u015flemesine kar\u015f\u0131n, kapitalizm; i\u015fsizli\u011fi, yoksullu\u011fu, cehaleti, ahlaki \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcme ve yozla\u015fmay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli yeniden \u00fcretir. N\u00fcfusun ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda yar\u0131n\u0131ndan emin olamamay\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve derinle\u015ftirir. Sava\u015flar, kriz ve durgunluk d\u00f6nemleri, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile burjuvazi, m\u00fclk sahipleriyle m\u00fclks\u00fczler aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urum derinle\u015fir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler ve di\u011fer emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f ve tabakalar aras\u0131nda ho\u015fnutsuzluk ve \u00f6fke y\u00fckselir. S\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131flara, bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fme ve m\u00fccadele e\u011filimleri geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

12. \u00dcretimi ve eme\u011fi toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131rarak sosyalizmin maddi \u00f6nko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 olgunla\u015ft\u0131ran kapitalizm, onu y\u0131kacak toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7 olan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 da geli\u015ftirir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131rken, onlar\u0131n, burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fme ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir toplumsal g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme olanaklar\u0131 ve m\u00fccadele kapasite ve yetenekleri geli\u015fir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin, birbirleriyle rekabeti ve makina d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneylerinden ge\u00e7erek, i\u015f yeri d\u00fczeyinde ve birbirinden kopuk i\u015f\u00e7i gruplar\u0131n\u0131n eylemleri olarak ba\u015flayan m\u00fccadeleleri, birle\u015fik ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir harekete do\u011fru ilerler. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketi 1831-34 Lyon ayaklanmalar\u0131, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de \u00c7artist hareket ve 1848 kara Avrupas\u0131 devrimlerindeki m\u00fccadelelerden, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde olsa ilk kez burjuvazinin egemenli\u011fini y\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendi egemenli\u011fini kurdu\u011fu 1871 Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc deneyiminden, 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n, d\u00fcnya emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Amerikan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fccadelelerinden edindi\u011fi tecr\u00fcbelerle ilerleyi\u015fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

II) TEKELLER VE EMPERYAL\u0130ZM<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Makinalar\u0131n m\u00fckemmelle\u015ferek yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ve teknik ilerleme, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle son \u00fc\u00e7te birinde, \u00fcretimin; makina, hammadde ve enerji \u00fcreten kesiminin h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine ve hafif sanayii geri plana iterek \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na, elektri\u011fin ke\u015ffi ve patlamal\u0131 motorlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 gibi yeni bulu\u015flara, petrol gibi yeni enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na, termik ve hidrolik santrallerin geli\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Haberle\u015fme, deniz ve ba\u015fta demiryollar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere kara ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015firken, tar\u0131mda da makinala\u015fma h\u0131zland\u0131. \u0130\u015fletme \u00f6l\u00e7ekleri b\u00fcy\u00fcr ve b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmeler yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rken, i\u015fletmeler ve sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda, tam bir i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015f ve kayna\u015fmaya do\u011fru ilerleyen ve ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 da a\u015fan ili\u015fkiler geli\u015fti. Keskinle\u015fen rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, en ileri teknolojileri kullanmak zorunda kalan ve daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckleri yutarak geli\u015fen b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmeler, ekonomiyi a\u011f gibi sarmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6ncelikle birbiriyle en ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fletmeleri ve sekt\u00f6rleri b\u00fcnyesinde birle\u015ftiren ve dev sermayeleri kontrol eden anonim \u015firketler geli\u015ferek yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda, banka sermayesinin az say\u0131da bankada yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131p merkezile\u015fmesiyle dev bankalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ekonomide etkin bir rol oynamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu. \u00dcretimin ve sermayenin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ve merkezile\u015fmesindeki bu ilerleme, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00fc\u00e7te birinde sanayi sermayesi ile banka sermayesinin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ip kayna\u015farak mali sermayenin olu\u015fmas\u0131na ve tekellerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kapitalizm, yeni bir a\u015famaya; tekellerin ve bu temelde mali oligar\u015finin egemen hale geldi\u011fi emperyalizm a\u015famas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

2. Tekelci kapitalizm, temel \u00f6zellikleri ve e\u011filimlerinin geli\u015ferek baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yeni bir toplumsal d\u00fczene ge\u00e7i\u015fin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olgunla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7eli\u015fmelerinin, yeni b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeler ve kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak \u015fiddetlendi\u011fi, y\u00fcksek bir geli\u015fme d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f kapitalizmdir. Sermayenin ve \u00fcretimin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ve merkezile\u015fmesi s\u00fcrecinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan tekeller, bu s\u00fcreci, d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde geli\u015ftirir. Bir yandan eme\u011fin toplumsalla\u015fmas\u0131, di\u011fer yandan toplumsal zenginliklerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n elinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131yla, toplumsal e\u015fitsizliklerin derinle\u015fmesi s\u00fcreci ilerler. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r ve gelece\u011fe g\u00fcvensizlik b\u00fcy\u00fcrken, tekellerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler ve tekel-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 burjuva katmanlar \u00fczerindeki bo\u011fucu bask\u0131s\u0131 artar. \u00dcretimin toplumsal karakteri ile m\u00fclk edinmenin \u00f6zel kapitalist niteli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fme ve bunun s\u0131n\u0131fsal plandaki yans\u0131mas\u0131 olan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ile burjuvazi aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde derinle\u015fir. Emperyalizm, kapitalizmin genel bir bunal\u0131m s\u00fcrecine girdi\u011fi son ve \u00f6l\u00fcm a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3. Serbest rekabetin bir sonucu ve kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olan kapitalist tekel; rekabeti b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. Tekel, rekabetin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ve onun \u00fcst\u00fcnde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu olgu; kapitalist geli\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin temel \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olan dengesiz geli\u015fmeyi derinle\u015ftirir, rekabeti burjuvazinin saflar\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve \u00e7eli\u015fkileri, yeni unsurlar kazand\u0131rarak \u015fiddetlendirir. Tekeller, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin serbest\u00e7e geli\u015fmesini s\u0131n\u0131rlar ve yeni teknolojilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle azami k\u00e2r\u0131n elde edilmesine ve tekeller aras\u0131ndaki rekabetin seyrine ba\u011flar. Tekellerin, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesini s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 etkisi; egemen \u00fclkelerde belirgin bir durgunluk e\u011filimine yol a\u00e7arken, ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in de olsa baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde, d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem de kapitalist d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcnde, kapitalizmin ve tekni\u011fin eskisinden de h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmesi olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.<\/p>\n

4. Emperyalizm a\u015famas\u0131nda, sermaye ihrac\u0131 meta ihrac\u0131n\u0131 da geli\u015ftirerek \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik ili\u015fkilerin temel unsuru olur. Sermayenin ve \u00fcretimin uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerin ekonomilerinin bir zincirin halkalar\u0131 gibi kapitalist d\u00fcnya ekonomisinde birle\u015ftirir ve bu s\u00fcreci ilerletir. Ekonominin, kapitalist-emperyalist sistemin t\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak, halklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yarar\u0131 ve e\u015fitli\u011fi temelinde uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi; \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da artan bir zorunluluk haline gelir. Ancak, mali sermayenin egemenli\u011fi ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bu olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r ve kapitalist-emperyalist sistem; bunu engelleyen kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131 da yeniden \u00fcretir ve geli\u015ftirir. Ekonominin kapitalist emperyalist sistemin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalardan kurtularak \u00f6zg\u00fcrce geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flayacak ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kapsayacak tarzda uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi, ancak proleter d\u00fcnya devriminin zaferiyle olanakl\u0131 hale gelir.<\/p>\n

5. Tekellerin ve mali sermayenin olu\u015ftu\u011fu ve egemen hale geldi\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7, ayn\u0131 zamanda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n, kapitalizmin en geri ve \u00fccra b\u00f6lgelerine kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu. Burjuvazinin, el de\u011fmemi\u015f \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr\u201d alanlara do\u011fru geni\u015fleme ve kapitalist geli\u015fme ile birlikte artan gerilim ve y\u00fcklerini, yeni alanlara yayma d\u00f6nemi sona erdi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve ezilen halklar \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, kapitalizmin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinin s\u0131\u00e7ramal\u0131 geli\u015fmelere ve sert \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara yola\u00e7arak keskinle\u015fti\u011fi yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flad\u0131. Belli ba\u015fl\u0131 kapitalist grup ve devletler aras\u0131ndaki rekabet ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m m\u00fccadeleleri \u015fiddetlenirken, kapitalizm; b\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist \u00fclkelerin, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan halklar\u0131 ve uluslar\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirdikleri, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z geli\u015fmelerini engelledikleri, \u00fclkelerin ezen ve ezilen, s\u00f6m\u00fcren ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclenler olmak \u00fczere ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00fcnya sistemi haline geldi.
\n6. E\u015fit olmayan, s\u0131\u00e7ramal\u0131 geli\u015fme; emperyalist \u00fclkeler ve uluslararas\u0131 mali sermaye gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7ler ili\u015fkisini de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Yeniden payla\u015f\u0131m m\u00fccadeleleri ve bu m\u00fccadelelerin devam\u0131 olan emperyalist sava\u015flar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale gelir. Emperyalistler aras\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fmeler; kapitalist sistemi zay\u0131flatan, genel bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftiren, milyonlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve sakat kalmalar\u0131na, do\u011fan\u0131n, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin ve ya\u015fam ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tahribine, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yoksullu\u011fun, ahlaki \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ve yozla\u015fman\u0131n derinle\u015fmesine ve yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na yola\u00e7an, onu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonuna yakla\u015ft\u0131ran ba\u015fl\u0131ca b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klardan biri olur.<\/p>\n

7. Sermaye ihrac\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f, geri ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde kapitalist geli\u015fmeyi h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Emperyalist s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve boyunduruk yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131rken, emperyalizme ve yerli dayanaklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin yeni g\u00fc\u00e7leri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yok denecek kadar zay\u0131f ya da az geli\u015fti\u011fi ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc toplumu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan geri \u00fclkelerde de s\u0131n\u0131f farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 derinle\u015fir, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve hareketi geli\u015fir, yar\u0131-proleter kitleler b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Sosyalizmin maddi \u00f6nko\u015fullar\u0131 bu \u00fclkelerde de geli\u015fir. Bu \u00fclkeler, emperyalizmin bir cephe gerisi olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar, emperyalizm ve yerli dayanaklar\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrden gericili\u011fe ve kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerin alanlar\u0131 olur. Emperyalizmle ezilen halklar ve uluslar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki; \u015fiddetlenen emek-sermaye temel kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve emperyalistler aras\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fmelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kapitalist-emperyalist sistemin ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinden biri olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

8. Tekellerin ana hissedarlar\u0131 ve y\u00f6neticileriyle, devletin y\u00f6netici kurumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tam bir i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7i\u015f ve kayna\u015fma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir, devlet iktidar\u0131 mali oligar\u015finin elinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r. Devletin, tekellerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda en etkin bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 artan bir \u00f6nem kazan\u0131rken, bunun \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fur ve tekelci devlet kapitalizmi geli\u015fir. Kapitalist devlet, ba\u015fta militarist-b\u00fcrokratik ayg\u0131t olmak \u00fczere, yeni \u00f6rg\u00fctler de kurularak g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilir. Toplam toplumsal \u00fcretimin giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc; silahlanma ve sava\u015f harcamalar\u0131na, toplumun s\u0131rt\u0131nda asalak bir ur olan kapitalist devletin, en ba\u015fta da militarist-b\u00fcrokratik ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

9. Emperyalizm, mali sermayenin az say\u0131daki emperyalist \u00fclkede a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na ve \u00fcretimden tamamen kopmu\u015f olan, ancak k\u00e2rlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcyen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7iren rantiye tabakalar\u0131n geni\u015flemesine yola\u00e7ar. Bu olguya, \u00fcretimin artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, emek-yo\u011fun sekt\u00f6rler ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, sermayenin k\u0131t, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, topra\u011f\u0131n ve hammaddelerin ucuz, k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelere do\u011fru kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 e\u015flik eder. Mali sermayenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu emperyalist \u00fclkeler; d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu s\u00f6m\u00fcren, \u00fcretimden giderek daha \u00e7ok kopan rantiye tabakalar\u0131n ve onlara hizmet eden sekt\u00f6rlerin ve toplumsal kesimlerin geni\u015fledi\u011fi \u00fclkeler haline gelir.<\/p>\n

10. Emperyalizm; temsili kurumlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrdeki s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 rollerinin ve yetkilerinin, demokratik hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin sistematik bir bi\u00e7imde k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131, gerekti\u011finde b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, gericili\u011fin, ba\u015fka uluslar\u0131 ve halklar\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirmenin, ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve egemenlik haklar\u0131n\u0131 ayaklar alt\u0131na alman\u0131n, ilhak e\u011filimlerinin alabildi\u011fine geli\u015fmesidir. Fa\u015fizm; mali sermayenin, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu e\u011filimlerinin en yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f d\u0131\u015fa vurumu; en gerici, en \u015foven, en sald\u0131rgan, en barbar ak\u0131m\u0131 ve devlet bi\u00e7imi olarak tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

11. Mali sermaye, ba\u015fta Orta\u00e7a\u011f gericili\u011fi olmak \u00fczere, kendi egemenlik ko\u015fullar\u0131na uydurarak her t\u00fcrden gericilikle ittifaka girer ve onlar\u0131 ayakta tutan temel dayanak haline gelir. Bilim ve \u00f6zellikle teknikteki ilerleme ve y\u00fcksek geli\u015fme d\u00fczeyine kar\u015f\u0131n; bilimsel bir d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc geli\u015ftiremeyen burjuvazi; tarihin \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f en geri dogmalara, dinsel, felsefi-ideolojik ak\u0131mlara d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131l\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131 yeni gerek\u00e7elerle yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Felsefede, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat\u0131n t\u00fcm dallar\u0131nda y\u00fczeysellik ve fikri sefalet alabildi\u011fine geli\u015fir, s\u00fcrekli direnerek geli\u015fen i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve halklar\u0131n sanat ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc karartmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

12. Tekellerin \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce geli\u015fmesini engellemelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, emperyalist sava\u015flar\u0131n ve d\u00f6nem d\u00f6nem k\u0131salan aral\u0131klarla g\u00fcndeme gelen, s\u00fcreleri uzayan ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan krizlerin; toplumsal hayat\u0131n t\u00fcm alanlar\u0131nda yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131m b\u00fcy\u00fcr. Azami k\u00e2r pe\u015finde ko\u015fan tekellerin geli\u015fen teknolojiyi f\u00fctursuzca kullanmas\u0131, bu y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131, do\u011fan\u0131n tahribine do\u011fru geni\u015fletir. Burjuvazi, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin geli\u015fmesinin ve toplumsal ilerlemenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel haline gelir. \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin tasfiye edilmesi ve toplumun ortak mal\u0131 haline getirilmesi, kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin yerini sosyalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin almas\u0131 tarihsel bir zorunluluk ve \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce geli\u015fmesinin ko\u015fulu olur.<\/p>\n

III) EMPERYAL\u0130ZM, EZ\u0130LEN ULUSLAR VE PROLETARYA DEVR\u0130M\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Tekeller azami k\u00e2r pe\u015finde ko\u015far. Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmenin ko\u015fulu ise; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar \u00fczerindeki s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin yeralt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n sistematik bir bi\u00e7imde ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sermayenin organik bile\u015fiminin y\u00fckselmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fme e\u011filimini engelleme ve azami k\u00e2r d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fc tekellerin i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar \u00fczerindeki s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma e\u011filimini kam\u00e7\u0131lar. Sermayenin ve \u00fcretimin yo\u011funla\u015fma ve merkezile\u015fmesinin eri\u015fti\u011fi d\u00fczey, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ve bu temelde politik iktidar\u0131n mali oligar\u015finin elinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131, devlet iktidar\u0131n\u0131n mali sermayenin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda her alanda etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve tekelci devlet kapitalizminin geli\u015fmesi; tekellerin, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve bask\u0131y\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesine yol a\u00e7ar. T\u00fcm bunlar ve mali sermayenin yo\u011funla\u015fan bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc, ayn\u0131 zamanda; emek sermaye kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetlendiren, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar aras\u0131nda, mali sermayeye ve diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 ho\u015fnutsuzluk, \u00f6fke ve m\u00fccadele e\u011filimlerini geli\u015ftiren, onlar\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fkolu, \u00fclke ve d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde birle\u015fme ve m\u00fccadele etmeye zorlayan yeni etkenler olur. Devletin tekelci kapitalist niteli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya \u00e7\u0131karken, ezilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n az \u00e7ok kitlesel t\u00fcm m\u00fccadeleleri, sermaye ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 politik bir m\u00fccadele \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. Y\u00fcksek tekel k\u00e2rlar\u0131, mali sermayeye; i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin ve sendikalar, kooperatifler ve kitleselle\u015fmi\u015f siyasi partileri gibi \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin belli ba\u015fl\u0131 y\u00f6neticilerini sat\u0131n alma ve ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131, toplumsal ili\u015fkileri, ruh halleri vb. her bak\u0131mdan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 burjuva tabakas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan i\u015f\u00e7i aristokrasisi ve b\u00fcrokrasisini geli\u015ftirme olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu tabaka, burjuvazinin, mali oligar\u015finin i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi i\u00e7indeki sosyal dayana\u011f\u0131 ve her t\u00fcrden oport\u00fcnizmin ve s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fbirli\u011finin ba\u015fl\u0131ca kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri olur. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fen hareketini bast\u0131rmak, en geri d\u00fczeye itmek i\u00e7in, tekelci burjuvazi; s\u00fcrekli g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fi burjuva devletin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, i\u015f\u00e7i aristokrasisi ve b\u00fcrokrasisini, yalpalayan ara g\u00fc\u00e7leri de artan bir etkinlikle kullan\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin geli\u015fme seyrine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tekelci burjuvazinin s\u00fcrekli yeniledi\u011fi ve geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bu tabakalara kar\u015f\u0131 kesintisiz m\u00fccadele ve bunlar\u0131n tecrit edilmeleri, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n zafere ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fulu haline gelir.<\/p>\n

3. Sermaye ihrac\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlara vararak artmas\u0131, geri \u00fclkelerde de ucuz emek s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen modern b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin ve bu i\u015fletmelerde yo\u011funla\u015fan bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine yola\u00e7ar. Modern bir s\u0131n\u0131f olarak geli\u015fmelerinin hen\u00fcz ba\u015flar\u0131nda olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, bu \u00fclkeler i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin m\u00fccadeleleri; a\u011f\u0131r bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkenlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra geli\u015fmi\u015f kapitalist \u00fclkeler i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n deneylerinden yararlanarak ve yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 alarak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir harekete do\u011fru ilerler. Geri \u00fclkelerde de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareketinin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 hareketi ve kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesi, ileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir hareket olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar, d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bir hareket olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazan\u0131r. Burjuvazinin saflar\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkileri derinle\u015ftiren emperyalizm, ileri ve geri t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin i\u015f\u00e7ilerini tek bir ordunun unsurlar\u0131 olarak birle\u015ftiren ve kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelelerine uluslararas\u0131 bir \u00f6zellik kazand\u0131ran temeli geli\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

4. Ezilen uluslar\u0131n ve halklar\u0131n devrimci m\u00fccadelesi, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci hareketiyle emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 tek bir cephede birle\u015fir ve d\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i devriminin bir bile\u015feni olur. Kapitalist geli\u015fme, bu m\u00fccadelelerin, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00f6nderli\u011finde geli\u015fmesi ve sosyalizme kesintisiz ge\u00e7i\u015fi hedefleyen halk devrimleri \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n maddi zeminini ve ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 olgunla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. D\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i devrimi deileri kapitalist \u00fclkelerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir sorun olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar ve e\u015fit olmayan s\u0131\u00e7ramal\u0131 geli\u015fmenin derinle\u015fmesine de ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, kapitalist-emperyalist sistemin en zay\u0131f halkadan (ya da halkalardan) yar\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan ve ilerleyen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazan\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 en zay\u0131f halkada (ya da halkalarda) politik iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek egemen s\u0131n\u0131f olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenir ve tarihsel geli\u015fim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir d\u00f6neme\u00e7 olan s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z toplumun in\u015fas\u0131 s\u00fcreci, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal devrimi s\u00fcreci ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

5. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131; n\u00fcfusun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tekelindeki \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, toplumun ortak mal\u0131 haline getirerek, s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ve t\u00fcm bi\u00e7imleriyle bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131 kom\u00fcnist toplumun temellerini atar. K\u00e2r amac\u0131yla ve pazar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan, anar\u015fik ve dengesiz bir geli\u015fme g\u00f6steren kapitalist \u00fcretimin yerini; s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fen bir teknik temel \u00fczerinde, toplumun ve her \u00fcyesinin maddi ve manevi t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f bir plana g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan toplumsal \u00fcretim al\u0131r. S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131, bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ili\u015fkilerini t\u00fcm bi\u00e7imleriyle ortadan kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal devrimi, di\u011fer ezilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n da kurtulu\u015funu sa\u011flar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, bu tarihi devrimci rol\u00fcn\u00fc ancak bilimsel sosyalizmin teorisiyle donanm\u0131\u015f partisinin y\u00f6netiminde yerine getirebilir.<\/p>\n

6. Bu devrimin \u00f6n ko\u015fulu; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek egemen s\u0131n\u0131f olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve kapitalizmin eski ve yeni t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131na ve belirtilerine kar\u015f\u0131 kesintisiz bir m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi ve kapitalizmi yeniden kurma giri\u015fimlerini ezmesidir. Ko\u015fullardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi ve egemen s\u0131n\u0131f olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi devlet ayg\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n devrimci \u015fiddet yoluyla par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Kapitalist toplumla kom\u00fcnist toplum aras\u0131nda, ikisinin de unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n bir arada ve m\u00fccadele halinde bulundu\u011fu ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n egemen s\u0131n\u0131f olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fi (proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) ve kom\u00fcnizmin 1. a\u015famas\u0131 olarak da nitelenebilecek bir ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi yer al\u0131r. Proletarya diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kendisinden \u00f6nceki s\u0131n\u0131f egemenliklerinden farkl\u0131 olarak, n\u00fcfusun ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7in demokrasi, n\u00fcfusun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131flar \u00fczerindeyse diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckt\u00fcr. Kapitalist (ve \u00f6ncesi) \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131ndan kurtulan \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce geli\u015fmesi; \u201cherkesten yetene\u011fine ve herkese eme\u011fine g\u00f6re\u201d ilkesinin egemen oldu\u011fu kom\u00fcnist toplumun 1. a\u015famas\u0131ndan, \u201cherkesten yetene\u011fine ve herkese ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re\u201d ilkesinin egemen olaca\u011f\u0131 son ve \u00fcst a\u015famas\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

7. D\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i devriminin, emperyalizmin en zay\u0131f halkalar\u0131nda zafere ula\u015farak ilerlemesi; sosyalist in\u015fan\u0131n kapitalist emperyalist ku\u015fatma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ba\u015flamas\u0131na ve geli\u015fmesine, burjuvazinin ve kapitalizmin i\u00e7teki dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve eski d\u00fczeni yeniden kurma giri\u015fimlerinin uluslararas\u0131 alanda da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc desteklere sahip olmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 tam ve kesin bir zaferi, ancak; d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde kapitalist sistemin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, kapitalist-emperyalist ku\u015fatman\u0131n yerini sosyalist ku\u015fatman\u0131n almas\u0131 durumunda kazanabilir. Bu nedenle i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal devrimi, kom\u00fcnist toplumun kurulmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci; ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 alanda ini\u015fleri ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131, at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 ve geri \u00e7ekilmeleri, zaferleri ve yenilgileri i\u00e7eren karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

8. \u00dclkeler; kapitalist geli\u015fmenin d\u00fczeyi ve \u00f6zellikleri, kapitalist d\u00fcnya sistemi i\u00e7indeki yerleri, s\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131 ili\u015fkiler ve g\u00fc\u00e7 dengeleri, t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc toplumsal ko\u015fullar vb. bir\u00e7ok bak\u0131mdan e\u015fit ve ayn\u0131 durumda de\u011fildirler. T\u00fcm bunlar; ayn\u0131 nihai hedef etraf\u0131nda birle\u015fen de\u011fi\u015fik uluslardan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve s\u0131n\u0131f partilerinin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki k\u0131sa vadeli hedeflerin ayn\u0131 olmamas\u0131na, burjuva diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve kapitalizmin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n iktidar\u0131 almas\u0131, egemen s\u0131n\u0131f olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve sosyalizmin kurulu\u015fu s\u00fcrecinde, toplumsal devrimin geli\u015fme seyrinde farkl\u0131l\u0131klara yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

IV) \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 SINIFI \u0130KT\u0130DARI, SOSYAL\u0130ZM VE EMPERYAL\u0130ST KU\u015eATMA<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Kapitalizm geli\u015ftik\u00e7e derinle\u015fen \u00e7eli\u015fmeleri ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin ilerlemesi, ayd\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda da b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye, bir kesimi aras\u0131nda kapitalizmin bilimsel tahlili temelinde ele\u015ftirisine y\u00f6nelme ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketiyle birle\u015fme e\u011filiminin geli\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin eylem k\u0131lavuzu olan Marksist teori ve bu teori \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen bilimsel sosyalist ak\u0131m, bu e\u011filimin geli\u015ferek olgunla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesibilimsel bir programa, stratejik ve taktik kavray\u0131\u015fa kavu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

2. 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli i\u015fletmelerde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 h\u0131z kazan\u0131rken, Marksizm de i\u015f\u00e7iler ve ayd\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131yordu, bilimsel sosyalizmle i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin birle\u015fmesi ve bu temelde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fta Almanya olmak \u00fczere kapitalist \u00fclkelerde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir parti olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi s\u00fcreci ilerliyordu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin m\u00fccadeleleri, sendikalar gibi kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctleri geli\u015firken, bilimsel sosyalizmin teorisiyle donanm\u0131\u015f devrimci partileri i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcyen kesimlerinin deste\u011fini alan kitlesel partiler haline geldi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketi belli ba\u015fl\u0131 kapitalist \u00fclkelerde, bilin\u00e7 ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme d\u00fczeyi, m\u00fccadele kapasite ve yetene\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da burjuvazinin egemenli\u011fini tehdit eden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir hareket olma \u00f6zelli\u011fi kazand\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 hareketi ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi de geli\u015fti. 1. Enternasyonal\u2019in ard\u0131ndan 2. Enternasyonal; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenen partilerine dayanan ve d\u00fcnya burjuvazisine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci hareketini birle\u015ftiren bir merkez olarak kuruldu.<\/p>\n

3. Sosyalizmin maddi \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131 olgunla\u015f\u0131r ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi burjuvazinin egemenli\u011fini tehdit eden bir d\u00fczeye do\u011fru ilerlerken, burjuvazi t\u00fcm olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7iler \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi i\u00e7indeki dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye y\u00f6neldi. Kapitalizmin t\u00fcm \u00e7eli\u015fmelerini keskinle\u015ftirecek ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 bir payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek etkenlerin birikmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ko\u015fullarda, 2. Enternasyonal partileri i\u00e7inde, burjuvazinin bask\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyamay\u0131p, uzun bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l d\u00f6nem boyunca burjuva parlamentolar\u0131ndan yararlanma dahil yasal olanaklar\u0131 yasalc\u0131l\u0131k ve parlamentarizmine dayanak edinerek s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fbirli\u011fine y\u00f6nelen oport\u00fcnist e\u011filimler de geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n

4. Emperyalistlerin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yeniden payla\u015fmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin tahribine, milyonlarca insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve sakat kalmas\u0131na, korkun\u00e7 bir sefalete, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede devrimci durumlara yol a\u00e7arak sonu\u00e7land\u0131 ve emperyalist kapitalist sistem, 1917 Ekim Devrimi ile Rusya’da yar\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli milliyetlerden Rusya i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irerek egemen s\u0131n\u0131f olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi, kapitalizmin tasfiyesi ve sosyalizmin in\u015fas\u0131 s\u00fcreci ba\u015flad\u0131. Kapitalist-emperyalist sistem pazar, yat\u0131r\u0131m, hammadde alanlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daral\u0131r ve zay\u0131flarken, d\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve ezilen halklar\u0131n kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadeleleri SSCB gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir uluslararas\u0131 dayana\u011fa kavu\u015ftu. SSCB\u2019de sosyalist in\u015fan\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve ilerlemesi; kapitalizmi can \u00e7eki\u015fen, \u00f6l\u00fcm a\u015famas\u0131ndaki kapitalizme d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren emperyalizminba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yeni bir \u00e7eli\u015fkinin, kapitalist ve sosyalist sistemler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

5. Yeni bir devrimler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131, proleter devrimler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 pratikte de ba\u015flatan Ekim Devrimi, emperyalist sava\u015f\u0131n tam bir felakete ve y\u0131k\u0131ma s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7iler ve ezilen halklar aras\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve m\u00fccadele e\u011filimlerini geli\u015ftiren, onlar\u0131 sarsan yeni bir etken oldu. Kendi burjuvazisiyle i\u015fbirli\u011fine y\u00f6nelen ve sosyal-\u015foven, sosyal-emperyalist bir \u00e7izgi izleyen 2. Enternasyonal utan\u00e7 verici bir y\u0131k\u0131m ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fc\u015fe s\u00fcr\u00fcklenirken, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z parti olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme giri\u015fimleri yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131. Bu temelde 3. Enternasyonal ileri ve geri t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i parti ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlerini birle\u015ftiren i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olarak kuruldu.<\/p>\n

6. Ekim sosyalist devrimi kapitalizm ve emperyalizmin ileriye do\u011fru y\u00fckselmesini durdurdu, yeni bir d\u00fcnyan\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131: i\u015f\u00e7ilerin toplumu ve sosyalizm; insanl\u0131k tarihinde yeni bir \u00e7a\u011f a\u00e7t\u0131: emperyalizm ve proleter devrimler \u00e7a\u011f\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nem s\u00fcrekli keskinle\u015fen ve birbirini etkileyen temel \u00e7eli\u015fkiler bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n \u015fiddetlenmesi emperyalist zincirin en zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu halkalar\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yeni devrimci s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin ba\u015flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Bu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n temel \u00e7eli\u015fkileri bir yandan emek, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve sosyalizm, di\u011fer yandan ise sermaye, burjuvazi ve kapitalizm aras\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleden, ezilen halk ve uluslar\u0131n emperyalist \u00fclkelere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelelerinden ve tekellerin ve emperyalist \u00fclkelerin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadelelerden olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n

7. Ekim Devrimi\u2019ni, Almanya, Avusturya, Macaristan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve emek\u00e7ilerin, \u00c7in, T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130ran ve Afganistan \u00f6rneklerinde de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi ezilen halklar\u0131n ve uluslar\u0131n devrimci ayaklanmalar\u0131 ve kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadeleleri izledi. Sosyal demokrasinin, i\u015f\u00e7i aristokrasisi ve b\u00fcrokrasisinin deste\u011fini alan burjuvazi ve gericilik, Rusya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rd\u0131. Kapitalist emperyalist sistem k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli bir nispi istikrar d\u00f6neminden sonra, 1929 Bunal\u0131m\u0131\u2019yla birlikte, ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00e7eli\u015fmelerinin keskinle\u015fece\u011fi, yeni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve sert m\u00fccadeleler d\u00f6nemine girdi.<\/p>\n

8. Emperyalist sava\u015f\u0131n, ard\u0131ndan da i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n tam bir y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131, kapitalist-emperyalist ku\u015fatma alt\u0131ndaki Sovyetler Birli\u011fi; emperyalizmin ve gericili\u011fin, i\u00e7te burjuva-kapitalist unsurlar\u0131n ve t\u00fcm ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemi boyunca varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n direni\u015fine ve y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n; her alanda, tarihin o g\u00fcne kadar tan\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir h\u0131zla ilerledi. Ba\u015fta \u0130talya, Japonya ve Almanya olmak \u00fczere kapitalist \u00fclkelerde fa\u015fizm g\u00fc\u00e7lenir, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckler kurulur ve 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda kapitalist d\u00fcnya krizden krize ve yeni bir payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131na do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcklenirken; SSCB, temel \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n toplumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, sosyalizmin ekonomik temellerinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015fti\u011fi, geli\u015fmi\u015f bir sanayi-tar\u0131m \u00fclkesi haline geldi. Derinle\u015fen kriz ve sermaye ve fa\u015fizmin yo\u011funla\u015fan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iler ve ezilen halklar aras\u0131nda \u00f6fke ve m\u00fccadele e\u011filimi geli\u015firken Fransa ve \u0130spanya gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede antifa\u015fist halk m\u00fccadeleleri, \u00c7in gibi s\u00f6m\u00fcrge, yar\u0131-s\u00f6m\u00fcrge ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde de ulusal kurtulu\u015f hareketleri geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n

9. 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131; \u0130spanya ve Portekiz gibi \u00fclkelerde fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckler yak\u0131lmasa da, fa\u015fist kamp\u0131n yenilgisi ve kapitalist-emperyalist sistemin yeni cephelerden yar\u0131lmas\u0131, halk demokrasili rejimlerin kurulmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Do\u011fu Avrupa ve Balkan \u00fclkelerinde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 \u00f6nderli\u011finde geli\u015fen ve kesintisiz bir bi\u00e7imde sosyalizmin in\u015fas\u0131na y\u00f6nelen halk devrimlerini, ba\u015fta \u00c7in ve Vietnam\u2019daki devrimler olmak \u00fczere Asya, Afrika ve Latin Amerika k\u0131talar\u0131ndaki halk ayaklanmalar\u0131, ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015flar\u0131 ve devrimler izledi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve halklar\u0131n y\u00fckselen devrimci m\u00fccadele ve ayaklanmalar\u0131yla sars\u0131lan, yeni cephelerden yar\u0131lan emperyalist kapitalist sistem; genel bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ikinci a\u015famas\u0131na girdi. Ba\u015fta Fransa, \u0130talya, Yunanistan, Endonezya olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci partileri, emek\u00e7ilerin geni\u015f kesimlerinin de deste\u011fini alan, iktidar alternatifi kitlesel i\u015f\u00e7i partileri haline geldi. Eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sistemi, 1960\u2019l\u0131 ve 70\u2019li y\u0131llarda da devam eden ezilen uluslar\u0131n ve halklar\u0131n hareketindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fckseli\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tutunamad\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme s\u00fcrecine girdi ve da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

10. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve ezilen halklar\u0131n hareketindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck at\u0131l\u0131m; emperyalizm ve d\u00fcnya gericili\u011finin sosyalist kampa, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve ezilen halklar\u0131n devrimci hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lerini birle\u015ftirme e\u011filimini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. ABD, di\u011fer emperyalist \u00fclkeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kesin bir \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flayarak, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra, emperyalist-kapitalist sistemin tek h\u00e2kim g\u00fcc\u00fc oldu. Bu durum, emperyalizme, ge\u00e7ici bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in de olsa, ilk kez, sosyalizme, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar\u0131n devrimci hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 tek merkezden y\u00f6netilen, birle\u015fik bir sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flatma ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Mali sermaye, i\u015f\u00e7i aristokrasisi ve b\u00fcrokrasisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yalpalayan ara g\u00fc\u00e7lerle sars\u0131lan ili\u015fkilerini yenilemeye, bu g\u00fc\u00e7leri kazanmaya ve en etkin bi\u00e7imde kullanmaya, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ve halklar\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici tavizler vermeyi de i\u00e7eren yeni taktikler ve y\u00f6ntemler geli\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6neldi. \u201cSosyal devlet\u201d uygulamalar\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rken, yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci y\u00f6ntemler ve bi\u00e7imler geli\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

11. D\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci hareketi, emperyalizmin cepheden ve burjuvazinin i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi ve sosyalist kamp i\u00e7indeki dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131n, karars\u0131z ve uzla\u015fmac\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n i\u00e7erden y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme; kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde bir zafere do\u011fru ilerletme yetene\u011fi g\u00f6steremedi. Sosyalist in\u015fay\u0131 kesintiye u\u011fratan, kapitalizmin yeniden kurulu\u015fu yolunu a\u00e7an, emperyalizme, burjuvaziye ve her t\u00fcrden oport\u00fcnist ve revizyonist ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin yerine i\u015fbirli\u011fini ge\u00e7iren, ideolojik olarak modern revizyonizm bi\u00e7iminde \u015fekillenen kar\u015f\u0131-devrimci \u00e7izgi, 20. Kongre\u2019de SBKP\u2019ne ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimci hareketine egemen oldu. Arnavutluk d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki sosyalist \u00fclkelerde, sosyalizmi yenileme, kom\u00fcnizme ge\u00e7i\u015f vb. propagandas\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde ve deforme edilen sosyalist bi\u00e7imler alt\u0131nda kapitalizm yeniden in\u015fa edilirken; devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi yenilgi ve gerileme s\u00fcrecine girdi. Modern revizyonizm, di\u011fer eski sosyalist \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fclkelerinden biri olan SSCB\u2019nin olanaklar\u0131n\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar nezdinde kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131nl\u0131k ve g\u00fcveni, bilimsel sosyalizmin devrimci \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bo\u015faltmak, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve ezilen halklar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini her alanda en az direnme \u00e7izgisine \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kitlesel devrimci partileri s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00e7izgisi izleyen sendikalist, reformist-parlamentarist partilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi tam bir tasfiye s\u00fcreciyle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze kald\u0131. Bu geli\u015fme, i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ezilen uluslar ve hareketini de etkiledi. Burjuva, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva uzla\u015fmac\u0131 ak\u0131mlar\u0131n bu hareketler i\u00e7indeki etkisi g\u00fc\u00e7lendi.<\/p>\n

12. Modern revizyonizmin egemenli\u011fiyle birlikte, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, toplumun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak istikrarl\u0131 ve uyumlu bir geli\u015fmeyi g\u00fcvenceye alan planl\u0131 \u00fcretimin yerini k\u00e2r ve pazar i\u00e7in \u00fcretim ald\u0131. Kapitalist ekonomi ve bunun \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen kapitalist toplumun durgunluk ve kriz, her alanda dengesiz geli\u015fme, a\u00e7\u0131k ve daha \u00e7ok da gizli i\u015fsizlik, asalak ve \u00fcretimden tamamen kopmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n elinde yo\u011funla\u015fan birikim ve l\u00fcks ya\u015fam, buna e\u015flik eden artan yoksulluk, giderek b\u00fcy\u00fcyen askeri harcamalar ve d\u0131\u015f m\u00fcdahaleler vb. t\u00fcr\u00fcnden t\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 1980\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru bu sorunlar \u00f6ylesine boyutlara vard\u0131 ki, kapitalizmin bu \u00f6zel ve ge\u00e7ici t\u00fcr\u00fc art\u0131k s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez oldu ve yerini, bi\u00e7im de dahil, her alanda asl\u0131na, tipik olana, olmas\u0131 gerekene b\u0131rakmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale geldi. 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda da, SSCB ve ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu blok da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecine girer, sosyalizm ve deforme olmu\u015f bi\u00e7imlerinin son kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 da tasfiye edilir ve tipik kapitalist bi\u00e7imlere ge\u00e7ilirken; Arnavutluk\u2019ta da sosyalizm y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

13. T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler, kom\u00fcnizmin, devrim ve sosyalizm m\u00fccadelesinin iflas\u0131, kapitalizm ve pazar ekonomisinin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 olarak ilan edildi ve tarihin en azg\u0131n, en sald\u0131rgan ve en etkin anti-kom\u00fcnist kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kampanya, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve emek\u00e7ilerin sadece geri kesimlerini de\u011fil, ileri kesimleri ve ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 da derinlemesine ve yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkiledi. Liberal, neo-liberal, muhafazak\u00e2r, sosyal-demokrat, neo-fa\u015fist, Orta\u00e7a\u011f gericili\u011fi ve \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar\u0131na yaslanan ak\u0131mlar\u0131n kitleler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 geli\u015fti. T\u00fcm bi\u00e7imleriyle revizyonist ak\u0131mlar g\u00fc\u00e7 kaybeder, bir kesimi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p par\u00e7alan\u0131r, kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 reformcu sa\u011f veya sol sosyal-demokrat ak\u0131mlar haline gelirken, bir kesimi de platformlar\u0131n\u0131 yenileyerek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6neldi, kapitalist-emperyalist sistem i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ve se\u00e7enekler \u00fcretmeye y\u00f6nelen \u201cyeni\u201d ak\u0131mlar geli\u015fti. Bilimsel sosyalist teorinin ve vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n eskidi\u011fi, a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, hatta hi\u00e7bir zaman toplumsal s\u00fcre\u00e7leri bilimsel olarak a\u00e7\u0131klayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 onlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 oldu. Bilim ve teknikteki devrimin \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinde k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimlere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, emek sermaye kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n tarihi devrimci rol\u00fcn\u00fcn sona erdi\u011fini iddia eden teoriler yeni gerek\u00e7elerle tekrar canland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, s\u0131n\u0131f partileri ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin maddi temellerinin ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fta sendikalar olmak \u00fczere, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin i\u015flevinin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi, hatta art\u0131k onlara gerek kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yerlerini yeni toplumsal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerin alaca\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Post-modern teorilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu tezler, yenilenmi\u015f gerek\u00e7eler ve ko\u015fullara uydurulmu\u015f bi\u00e7imler alt\u0131nda \u201cradikal demokrasi\u201d, \u201c21. y\u00fczy\u0131l sosyalizmi\u201d, \u201cpiyasa sosyalizmi\u201d, anar\u015fizm, \u201ceko-anar\u015fizm\u201d vb. adlarla yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.
\n14. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve halklar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi; SSCB\u2019nin ve revizyonist blok ve partilerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcp da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte tahrip edici sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak olan bir yenilgi ve gerileme s\u00fcrecine girmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, geri bir mevziden de olsa kesintisiz bir bi\u00e7imde s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Her t\u00fcrden revizyonist, oport\u00fcnist, sosyal demokrat burjuva ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele de geli\u015fti. Bu m\u00fccadelede ba\u015fta Enver Hoca olmak \u00fczere, Arnavutluk kom\u00fcnistleri ve AEP, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 uzla\u015fmaz ve kararl\u0131 tutumla bir dizi eski parti i\u00e7inde m\u00fccadelenin geli\u015fmesi ve yeni partilerin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. Emperyalizme, burjuvaziye ve ba\u015fta modern revizyonizm olmak \u00fczere, Titocu, Tro\u00e7kist, Euro-kom\u00fcnist, Maocu her t\u00fcrden oport\u00fcnist ve revizyonist ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen m\u00fccadele s\u00fcrecinde, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n yeni devrimci parti ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleri kuruldu. Bu parti ve \u00f6rg\u00fctler, sosyalizmin ve devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin a\u011f\u0131r ancak ge\u00e7ici yenilgisi \u00fczerinden tarihin en etkili anti-kom\u00fcnist kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 1990\u2018l\u0131 y\u0131llar ve sonras\u0131nda da yeni kat\u0131l\u0131mlarla birliklerini sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p m\u00fccadelelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.
\n14. M\u00fccadelelerini i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve Marksist-Leninist \u00e7izgilerine dayanarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcren partiler de\u011fi\u015fik k\u0131talardaki haz\u0131rl\u0131k toplant\u0131lar\u0131ndan sonra 1994\u2019te Quito Deklarasyonu\u2019nu yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar.Bir araya gelen bu parti ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 ML Parti ve \u00d6rg\u00fctler Konferans\u0131 (C\u0130POML), devrimci i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki enternasyonal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi olarak \u015fekillendi. C\u0130POML, I. Enternasyonal\u2019le II. Enternasyonal\u2019in devrimci d\u00f6neminin, III. Enternasyonal\u2019in (Komintern\u2019in) ve Kominform\u2019un devrimci d\u00f6neminin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve devrimci ilke ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

V) \u00c7EL\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130N KESK\u0130NLE\u015eMES\u0130, M\u00dcCADELEN\u0130N ARTAN OLANAKLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesi tarihinin en a\u011f\u0131r yenilgisini almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, d\u00fcnya i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve ezilen halklar\u0131n devrimci hareketinin ve kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaferlerin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi temel; kapitalist emperyalist sistemi \u00f6l\u00fcme s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen uzla\u015fmaz kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar zay\u0131flamak bir yana geli\u015fmeye devam etti. K\u00f6yl\u00fc toplumu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan ve feodal kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc geri ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri egemen hale geldi; k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve proleter, yar\u0131-proleter kitlelerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi s\u00fcreci ilerledi ve sosyalizmin maddi \u00f6nko\u015fullar\u0131 geli\u015fti. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve yar\u0131-proleter kitleler, d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde, Ekim devriminin zafere ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar bir yana 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarla k\u0131yaslanmayacak d\u00fczeyde b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Kapitalist rekabetin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kapitalist ve sosyalist sistemler aras\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k ve m\u00fccadele ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, bilim ve teknikte ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen devrim; atomun par\u00e7alanmas\u0131, n\u00fckleer enerjinin ke\u015ffi ve kullan\u0131m\u0131, bilgisayar ve program yap\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yeni sekt\u00f6rlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, \u00fcretim, ula\u015f\u0131m, dola\u015f\u0131m ve ileti\u015fimin teknik temelinin yenilenmesi, elektroni\u011fin yayg\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 vb. gibi eme\u011fin verimlili\u011fini artt\u0131ran yeni geli\u015fmelere yola\u00e7t\u0131. \u00dcretimin, \u00f6zellikle emek yo\u011fun b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, topra\u011f\u0131n ve hammaddelerin ucuz oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelere kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti. Tarihsel olarak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu alanlarda, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmelerin ve serbest meslek sahipli\u011finin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve \u00fccretli eme\u011fin geli\u015fmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. Sermayenin ve \u00fcretimin d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde yo\u011funla\u015farak merkezile\u015fmesi ve uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, \u00fcretimin t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131yla toplumsalla\u015fmas\u0131 ve toplumsal e\u015fitsizlik ve \u00e7eli\u015fmelerin derinle\u015fmesi s\u00fcrecini ilerletti. \u00dcretimin toplumsal karakteriyle mal edinmenin kapitalist karakteri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fme daha da derinle\u015fti. \u0130\u015fsizler ordusunun b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131, eme\u011fin sermayeye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin ilerlemesi, m\u00fclks\u00fczlerle m\u00fclk sahipleri aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumun derinle\u015fmesi, kapitalizm ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, bilim ve teknikteki ilerlemenin ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonu\u00e7lard\u0131r. Bilim ve teknikteki her ilerleme, kapitalizmin \u00e7eli\u015fmelerini keskinle\u015ftirirken sosyalizmin maddi \u00f6nko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirir, kapitalizmi ve emperyalizmi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonuna daha \u00e7ok yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. Yenilgi ve bunun bir sonucu olarak g\u00fcndeme gelen i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve ezilen halklar\u0131n hareketindeki \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc gerileme, emperyalizmi ve d\u00fcnya gericili\u011fini daha da sald\u0131rganla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u00d6z\u00fc, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve ezilen halklar\u0131n kazand\u0131klar\u0131 haklar\u0131n ve mevzilerin son kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da geri almak, onlar\u0131n m\u00fccadelesini en geri d\u00fczeye itmek, sermayenin \u00f6zellikle tekelci kesiminin, egemenli\u011fini ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 alanda s\u0131n\u0131rlayan t\u00fcm engelleri kald\u0131rmak ve en y\u00fcksek k\u00e2r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek olan ve burjuva kapitalist \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan \u201cneo-liberal\u201d \u00f6nlemler ve politikalar olarak sunulan sald\u0131r\u0131lar, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme demagojisinin e\u015fli\u011finde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ekonomik krizlerin ve durgunluklar\u0131n, \u015fiddetlenen rekabetin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeni bir payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7leri s\u0131namaya ve kesin bir hesapla\u015fmaya haz\u0131rlanman\u0131n t\u00fcm y\u00fckleri; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve halklar\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

3. Kapitalizmin \u00f6rnek refah \u00fclkeleri olarak sunulanlar\u0131 da i\u00e7inde olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde tekellerin k\u00e2rlar\u0131 artarken, ezilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitlelerin ya\u015fam ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fiyor. Eme\u011fin \u00fcretkenli\u011fi y\u00fckselmesine kar\u015f\u0131n; ger\u00e7ek \u00fccretler d\u00fc\u015fmekte, i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc uzat\u0131lmakta, i\u015f yo\u011funlu\u011fu artmakta, emeklilik ya\u015f\u0131 y\u00fckseltilmekte, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ta\u015feronla\u015fma ve kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcrecin en \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n her d\u00fczeyde birli\u011finin ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 oldu. Bu durum, ba\u015fta e\u011fitim, emeklilik, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve i\u015fsizlik sigortas\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ve emek\u00e7ilerin sosyal kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 en geri d\u00fczeye \u00e7ekilmesini, e\u011fitimden sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa kadar t\u00fcm alanlarda s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelerle sermayenin y\u00fcksek k\u00e2rlar elde etmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Ara s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclme ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015fme s\u00fcreci h\u0131zlan\u0131rken, yoksulluk yayg\u0131nla\u015fmakta, i\u015fsizler ordusu b\u00fcy\u00fcmektedir.Ter\u00f6rizme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele gerek\u00e7esiyle demokratik hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler s\u0131n\u0131rlanmakta, en temel insan haklar\u0131 ayaklar alt\u0131na al\u0131nmakta, siyasal gericilik ve militarizm geli\u015fmektedir.Burjuvazi, bu sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, di\u011fer burjuva ak\u0131mlarla ayr\u0131m \u00e7izgileri kaybolacak kadar gericile\u015fmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fbirli\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi olan sosyal demokrasiden vazge\u00e7meksizin, t\u00fcm Orta\u00e7a\u011f gericili\u011fini de hizmetine ko\u015farak, \u015foven milliyet\u00e7i, dinci, muhafazak\u00e2r ve fa\u015fist, neo-fa\u015fist ak\u0131m ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri kullanarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

4. Ezilen ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen kitleler aras\u0131nda yar\u0131n\u0131ndan emin olamama ve gelece\u011fe g\u00fcvensizlik yayg\u0131nla\u015fmakta ve derinle\u015fmekte, ho\u015fnutsuzluk ve \u00f6fke artmakta, m\u00fccadele e\u011filimleri geli\u015fmektedir. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtecek bir d\u00fczeye eri\u015fememi\u015f olmas\u0131na ve kendili\u011finden hareketin dar \u00e7er\u00e7evesini a\u015famam\u0131\u015f olman\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm zay\u0131fl\u0131klar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 direnmekte ve m\u00fccadele etmektedirler. Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar ve sonras\u0131nda; i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ve halklar\u0131n m\u00fccadeleleri, i\u015fyeri ve i\u015fkolu d\u00fczeyindeki grevlerden genel grev ve direni\u015flere, kitlesel y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f ve g\u00f6sterilere, geri ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00fclkelerde halk ayaklanmalar\u0131na do\u011fru ilerledi. Fransa i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin 1995 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki m\u00fccadeleleri bu bak\u0131mdan bir d\u00f6neme\u00e7 oldu.<\/p>\n

5. Eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sisteminin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p par\u00e7alanmas\u0131; burjuva-kapitalist \u00e7evrelerin ve i\u015f\u00e7i hareketi i\u00e7indeki uzant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri gibi, emperyalizmin ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin tarih sahnesinden \u00e7ekilmesine, emperyalizmle ezilen halklar aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131na veya yumu\u015famas\u0131na yol a\u00e7mad\u0131. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k, eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrge sisteminin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde ve sonras\u0131nda da, yeni unsurlar ve \u00f6zellikler kazanarak derinle\u015fmeye devam etti. Ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist devletler, eski s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci y\u00f6ntem ve bi\u00e7imleri tamamen bir yana atmaks\u0131z\u0131n, yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci y\u00f6ntemler ve bi\u00e7imler alt\u0131nda sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ya\u015fanan s\u00fcre\u00e7, t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131yla emperyalist-kapitalist sistem y\u0131k\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a, emperyalizm ve s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecili\u011fin sona erdirilemeyece\u011fini, ezilen halkalar\u0131n tam ve kesin kurtulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015femeyece\u011fini bir kez daha g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

6. B\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist devletlerin, geri ve orta geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyindeki \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra, di\u011fer baz\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler \u00fczerindeki boyunduru\u011fu artmakta, bu \u00fclkeler, bir t\u00fcr ekonomik ve mali s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler haline gelmektedirler. \u0130kili ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc askeri, ticari, mali vb. anla\u015fmalar\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, b\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist devletlerin denetimindeki IMF, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, DT\u00d6, OECD, AB, NAFTA, Birle\u015fik Devletler Toplulu\u011fu, APEC, NATO gibi uluslararas\u0131 birliklerin ve y\u00f6netim ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik, politik, askeri, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel t\u00fcm alanlardaki yetki ve m\u00fcdahaleleri artt\u0131r\u0131lmakta, \u00fcye \u00fclkelerin ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ve egemenlik haklar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck emperyalist devletler, kapitalist d\u00fcnya ekonomisinin uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin ilerlemesine de ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00fcndeme gelen bu birlikleri; sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 koordineli bir bi\u00e7imde y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin, di\u011fer \u00fclkeleri ve halklar\u0131 egemenlikleri alt\u0131na almalar\u0131n\u0131n, etki ve n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmelerinin bir arac\u0131 olarak kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

7. SSCB’nin ba\u015f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu blokun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte; emperyalistler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerde, ba\u015f\u0131nda iki s\u00fcper g\u00fcc\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu bloklar temelindeki b\u00f6l\u00fcnme ve rekabetin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ortadan kalkt\u0131. BM, IMF, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, NATO gibi ekonomik, politik-askeri t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ve anla\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7ler dengesi de\u011fi\u015fti. \u00c7in ve SSCB\u2019nin y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinden Rusya gibi yeni emperyalist \u00fclkeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Emperyalistler aras\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7ler ili\u015fkisi de\u011fi\u015fir ve belli ba\u015fl\u0131 emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler yeniden mevzilenirken; yeni bir payla\u015f\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flad\u0131. Etki ve n\u00fcfuz alanlar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in ulusal-etnik, dinsel-mezhepsel vb. \u00e7eli\u015fmeleri kullanarak k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lan gerici i\u00e7 sava\u015flar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, do\u011frudan askeri m\u00fcdahaleler yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Halklar, \u00f6zellikle Balkanlar, Kafkaslar, Afrika ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019da gerici sava\u015flar\u0131n girdab\u0131na \u00e7ekildi. Ba\u015fta ABD olmak \u00fczere belli ba\u015fl\u0131 emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin, Yugoslavya, Afganistan, Sudan, Somali, Irak, Libya, Mali vb. \u00f6rneklerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi do\u011frudan askeri m\u00fcdahaleleri yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Bu m\u00fcdahalelerde ve emperyalistlerin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flarda \u00f6len insan say\u0131s\u0131 milyonlar\u0131 buldu ve \u00f6zellikle Afrika\u2019da soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n

8. Bilim ve teknikteki ilerleme ve \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki geli\u015fme; insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, do\u011fan\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fme yasalar\u0131n\u0131 bilme ve bu yasalar\u0131 g\u00f6zetme temelinde, do\u011faya egemen olma ve t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lama ve g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alma olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti. Ancak geli\u015fen \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n, sermayenin ve tekellerin denetiminde ve en y\u00fcksek k\u00e2r\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere f\u00fctursuzca kullan\u0131lmas\u0131; do\u011fan\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc tahribine ve kirlenmesine, ekolojik dengenin bozulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7makta ve t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve canl\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden ve acil olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken bir d\u00fczeye ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131, yar\u0131-s\u00f6m\u00fcrge \u00fclkelerin yeralt\u0131 ve yer\u00fcst\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7evre felaketlerine yol a\u00e7acak bi\u00e7imde ya\u011fmalanmaktad\u0131r. Emperyalist-kapitalist sistem bu bak\u0131mdan da, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tam bir felakete do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcklemektedir.<\/p>\n

9. Proleter d\u00fcnya devriminin maddi temelleri daha da geli\u015fir ve olgunla\u015f\u0131rken, t\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeleri derinle\u015fen kapitalist-emperyalist sistem, gerici emperyalist sava\u015flar\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ve halklar\u0131n devrimci m\u00fccadelelerini ve ayaklanmalar\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz k\u0131lan etkenleri ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmektedir. Kapitalist emperyalist sistem krizden krize s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmekte, bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede devrimci patlama \u00f6geleri birikmektedir. Kapitalist emperyalist sistem yeni bir sava\u015flar, k\u00f6kl\u00fc alt-\u00fcst olu\u015flar ve devrimler d\u00f6nemine do\u011fru yol almaktad\u0131r. Emperyalizm ve gericilik hangi y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvurursa vursun, ne kadar azg\u0131nca sald\u0131r\u0131rsa sald\u0131rs\u0131n, ge\u00e7ici ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar ve yenilgiler ne kadar a\u011f\u0131r olursa olsun, kapitalist-emperyalist sistemin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ve proleter d\u00fcnya devriminin zaferi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

10. Bat\u0131 Avrupa’daki 1848 Devrimleri, Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc ve Ekim Devrimi \u00f6rneklerinde b\u00fct\u00fcn yal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi; sadece zaferler de\u011fil, yenilgiler de i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 ve halklar\u0131 e\u011fitmekte, daha ileri ve b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadelelerin ve zaferlerin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi basamaklar olmaktad\u0131r. Paris Kom\u00fcn\u00fc, 1831-1834 Fransa i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fccadelelerinin, \u0130ngiltere’deki \u00c7artist hareketin ve 1848 devrimlerinin; Ekim Devrimi ise t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n birikimleri \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi. 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n zaferleri ve yenilgileri de, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fiten, yeni ve daha ileri at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n ve m\u00fccadeleleri \u00fczerinde y\u00fckseldi\u011fi dayanaklar olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kas\u0131m 2016<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I) KAP\u0130TAL\u0130ZM VE \u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 SINIFI 1. Toplumun s\u0131n\u0131flara b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zamandan bu yana, b\u00fct\u00fcn tarih s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadeleleri tarihidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de, yeni bir d\u00fcnya, yeni bir toplum ancak ve yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n burjuvaziye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin zafere ula\u015fmas\u0131yla kurulacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, bu eylemiyle sadece kendisini de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn ezilenleri ve t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da kurtaracakt\u0131r. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve s\u0131n\u0131fs\u0131z […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":83,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-310","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-31"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=310"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":316,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310\/revisions\/316"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/83"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cipoml.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}